Ohhhhh Shady, I'm definitely coming to eat at your house...grilled Tuna....fish...surimi and sushimi....yum. Mayo I think is just shortened for Mayonaise....you know, Arthur, the American tendency to shorten everything...including our present King. The only thing which worries me about making my own mayonaise is the raw egg thing again....but hey, I like Miracle Whip on pumpernickle. And yes, I like fried spam, but could never stomach fried bologna. I'm also an iconoclast because I saw these new "stemless" wine glasses and thought it was a sacrilege...the point to the stems on a wine glass is so you don't warm the wine with your fingers whilst holding the glass. I too like thin wine glasses, tea cups and coffee cups...but I have a strange problem...I get the urge to bite them. Fortunately, I have controled myself, but I get this urge.....

I am afraid you will have to throw away you pork bell. You should not have used white wine. It is not authentic. :-) "---I know in Japanese and Chinese cooking, all wine used for beef or other meat is ''white'', but I'm not even sure you can make red wine with rice. --" I just looked in my pantry, I have one gallon of Chinese Shaoxing wine. It is dark amber in color. Shaoxing wine is the prefered wine for cooking in Chinese recipes for meats. It has a very nice flavor. the alcholhol content at 16% is more than whites, I use it also in stewing and many other recipes. dcarch

I think lindac is correct. The point of adding wine is essentially to bring in some acidity. You are not going to get the complex flavors of a great wine in your stew - it will be cooked and transformed. That's why great restaurants don't use great wine in their cooking. And if you're doing a reduction, taking a bottle of wine down to maybe a cup, there is no reason to use anything great. That's the reason I suggested something fairly tasteless. For example, if you are cooking some mussels with garlic and shallots and wine, and you were to use a really grassy Sauvignon Blanc from Rueda say, you may find notes of bell pepper and grapefruit, and if you were to use a muscat or gwertztraminier, you would have floral and fruity notes and neither would really be great with the mussels. Sauvignon blanc from the Loire is a classic wine to use in that dish, but most of those, from Sancerre say, do not have the pronounced green flavors that some of the others do. With red wine it's a little more complex because many red wines are aged in wood. That is generally not something that enhances the flavor of a dish. As a matter of fact, whenever someone has done a little study of the issue, the simpler, fruitier wines were preferred. But your information on wine is very mistaken. "Cheap" can result from many factors, which could include the relative strength of the economy where the wine was made. Consequently, we can find bargains in the US that come from Argentina, whereas if their economy were stronger, the wines would be more costly. Lightly tapping grapes to release juice? Each individual grape? I promise you that nobody in the world does that. Some wines are made via carbonic maceration, in which case the weight of the grapes in the container crushes a few and the juice starts fermenting. The grapes at the bottom of the tank start fermenting inside their own skins in some cases. The new Beaujolais is made like this and it's also used in other areas to produce light, fruity wines that aren't meant to age and that are in fact good for cooking. In other cases, the grapes are in fact crushed and allowed to macerate with the skins. The juice is then drawn off. This is what is called "free run" juice. If the mass of skins, etc., is gently pressed, there can be additional juice that is squeezed out. That is no longer free-run juice, but is is not low quality. There are many ways of pressing the skins. For example, you can have an inflatable bladder that gently presses out the remaining juice. Incidentally, one of the wineries that uses this charges over $100 a bottle for their wine. And yes, sometimes the stems and seeds are crushed too. Some winemakers feel that the tannins and flavors that are obtained that way add complexity to the wine. Guigal in the Rhone for example, uses whole cluster fermentation, which means that he does not de-stem the grapes before making wine. Then when the juice is pressed, you get some of the flavors and tannins from the skins and seeds. His la Landonne goes for about $270 a bottle and it's entirely whole cluster fermentation. Dropping 1/3 of the crop is called "green harvesting". in that situation, bunches are cut off while still green so that the remaining clusters ripen more evenly and supposedly have more concentration. People around the world do it and people around the world debate whether or not it's actually useful. The idea is that lower yields produce more concentrated flavors. Well, you can accomplish low yields in many ways, including the density of your planting. But don't assume that all expensive wines are from vineyards that have been green harvested. I assure you that is not true. As far as headaches - that comes from alcohol. Sulfur is present in the grapes themselves as it is a component of some amino acids. THere is no science whatsoever supporting the claim of sulfites causing headaches, although there is an urban legend that won't die. Since I cook almost daily and have been doing so for many years, and since I always have open bottles of wine in the house, we've been cooking with all kinds of wine. I promise you that if I use a white or a red in my spaghetti sauce, you will most likely not know the difference. As far as not drinking it and not cooking with it - that's not a bad rule. However, I would even hedge there. Someone gave me some Yellow Tail shiraz. I certainly wasn't going to drink it but it did make a great marinade with some soy sauce, star anise, ginger, honey, and garlic. Cheers!

Too many varieties to list them all. Today there is a lot of decent wine available. In general, lower-priced wine will not be vineyard specific (in other words, it can come from grapes grown in a number of different areas), it will not have been aged, it will not have been put in new oak barrels (expensive), it may be a blend of different varietals. None of those things are bad or mean that the wine is not good. White wine is typically made by pressing the grapes and fermenting the juice. Red wine is made by letting the skins soak in the juice for a while. This provides color and flavor. If you do not let the skins soak, you end up with a white or pink wine - "blush" or "white" zinfandel is an example. This wine is actually a rose, but was renamed for marketing purposes. Sometimes the winemaker wants to concentrate the juice, so he bleeds off some juice. This leaves 100% of the skins with maybe 85% of the juice. The red wine will be more concentrated and the "bleed wine" can be a very good rose. Drink it early and enjoy. Extraction is different from concentration - it refers to the amount of flavor that is leached from the skins. Think of a tea bag - if you leave it in the cup for a long time and squeeze it hard, your tea will be stronger. Will also be bitter - that bitterness is tannin, also in grape skins. So you get a lot of flavor, some that you don't want, and you also get a lot of tannin if you soak for a long time and then really squeeze the skins. Thus, some winemakers are really gentle, so that they don't get off-flavors in their wine. The stereotype of "new world wine" (US, Australia, S. America) is that they are fruitier, less tannic, more alcoholic, cleaner. The stereotype of old world is that they are leaner, less "fruit forward", sometimes funky. And some of that is true. But not 100%. Clean for example - literally cleaning the winery can reduce the amount of brettomyces (a kind of mold) that makes the wines stink. A little may be interesting, a lot is awful. And not everyone in the US wants to make big fruit bombs. But after all, wine is from fruit and you should taste some, no? A couple of other things - there is wine made from lots of stuff, but I am only talking about wine from grapes. And those grapes are vinifera grapes - the native American grapes tend not to make good wine, although there is a hybrid called Norton that is used in Missouri that can make a palatable wine. As far as descriptors - don't take them literally. If I describe wine as having notes of chocolate - they are really just hints. I only had one wine that REALLY tasted like chocolate - it was from Portugal and I loved it. Finally, most of the stuff in supermarkets is not really that great. I lived in Indiana for a while - not really wine country. But you can order on-line and I heartily recommend it. Grapes grow around 45 degrees latitude north and south of the equator. Closer to the equator you get tropics so you make rum. Farther away it is too cold so you grow grain and make beer and vodka. White grapes tend to come from cooler areas like Germany, or higher in the hills. That means that in general, they will have more acidity. Grapes like chenin blanc are grown in the Loire - in France they are called by the location, not the grape, so you will see Vouvray or Sancerre. These are really acidic, so drink with steamed mussels or trout or light seafood. Chardonnay is the only white grape allowed in Burgundy, so if you see something called Chablis, you know it is chardonnay. They tend to be more acidic and what wine people call "minerally" than many chardonnays from California, although that is changing. In the US, Kendal Jackson put the chardonnay in oak, starting a trend for oaky chardonnay that is now subsiding. Not bad, but very different. They will feel heavier on your tongue and taste nutty with some vanilla notes. Widely available - California - Chateau Souverain, Chateau St Jean, Martin Ray. Riesling is the great grape of Germany - rarely put in barrels and often making great wine. Germany has elaborate conventions for naming, so I will not get into them here. But look for QBA or Kabinett bottlings - they will be dry (not sweet) and inexpensive (defined by me as under $25, sometimes as little as $12). Columbia Crest is a winery in Washington, part of a large group that also owns Chateau St Michelle in Washington. For an illustration of the different grape varieties (varietals), any of their bottlings are good. Inexpensive and decent wines, especially the whites. Incidentally, CC makes merlot and cabs that they put into barrels. How do they do it cheaply? Re-use - they scrape the insides of the barrels, exposing new wood and therefore do not need to buy new ones each year. If you want to spring for them, the Columbia Crest Reserve series - Walter Clore, Cab Sauv Reserve, or Syrah, are around $20 - $30 but they drink like wines that cost much much more. Australia is another great source of value. Avoid things like Yellow Tail, Penguin, etc. Too many to list, but there is something called shiraz, which is the same grape as syrah, which comes from France (NOT Iran, although people will spread that misinformation around because there is a city w the same name). Australia is huge so one cannot generalize fairly, but the most commone wines over here are from Barossa Valley - very hot place, producing very ripe grapes, meaning they will have more sugar, meaning more alcohol in the wine. These are broad generalizations, but most Barossa wines are towards the fruitier, riper end of things. So look for bottlings by Peter Lehman - always good and very typical. He has a number that is usually under $20 - Clancy's Blend, etc. Australia also makes very great dry rieslings in McClaren Vale - Leasingham has one for $12 and their shiraz is great too. France is going to be expensive if you go for the names, so stick to the south - Rousillon, Languedoc, Corbieres, Cotes du Rhone, even Chateauneuf du Pape. This area is hot and they grow grapes like syrah, grenache, mourvedre, and others. Not usually cabernet sauvignon, pinot noir, and merlot. Grenache can smell and taste like strawberries. Doesn't have a lot of those bitter tannins and it is one of the most delightful wines to drink. Traditionally it is blended with the others I mentioned to make GSM. Australia makes great GSM - Lucky Country, if you can find it, is under $15 and wonderful. Spain has a grape called Tempranillo but again, they name the wine by place, not grape. They also have an aging system. Rioja was the best, at least traditionally, so it is what most people know. Young wines are called joven and can be great values. Next up is crianza, which requires at least 6 months in oak barrels (1 yr in Rioja and Ribera del Duero.) Next up is Reserva, next is Gran Reserva. For great examples of traditional style, look for Marques de Murrieta, Marques de Caceres, and Marques de Riscal. The latter especially makes millions of bottles so it should be easy to find. Not too tannic, kind of funky smelling (old leather) tasting of red cherries and tobacco - some of these wines will last for many years. Just do NOT buy the 2002 vintage. There are many wines made for the American market that are less than $10. Finally Italy. They have so many grape varietals, it is impossible to keep up. Again, remember that part of Italy, most of France, and good chunks of Europe were under water in 2002. So there is some good wine, but if you don't know, just avoid the vintage. 2003 was super hot, but some of the wines are fantastic, especially in cooler areas that generally don't ripen as much. People know the Tuscan wines - Chianti, Brunello, etc. Some are buys - Gabbiano, Felsina, Castello d'Abola all make good wine for less than $15. They are made with a grape called Sangiovese - a little more acidic than cabs with a red-fruit profile. Monte Antico is another worth looking at. But you can do something else. There is a grape called nebbiolo - grown in Piedmont and used in Barolo and Barbaresco. Well, some producers are just bottling nebbiolo as well. Mauro Molino, Vietti, and others are making wines called Nebbiolo d'Alba (or wherever they are from). These can be less than $15 and they are wonderful wines - not as tannic or harsh as the barolos and meant to be drunk young. Italy also makes white grapes - pinot grigio (kind of pointless IMO) and malvasia - which can be very nice. Other white grapes to look for - viognier - smells of flowers and peaches, sauvignon blanc - smells like grass, grapefruit, or sometimes cat pee, semillion - smells like tart apples. Other red grapes to look for - pinot noir (the red grape of Burgundy)- can smell like bright berries or Welch's Grape juice, or sometimes like mushrooms and forest and earth, some are good, some are awful. Gallo has a couple of lines - Anapamu, Gallo of Sonoma, that produce respectable stuff. Zinfandel - America's grape, although it is really from Italy where it is called primitivo. Lower end bottlings that are good come from Cline, Ravenswood (Vinter's Blend), and again Gallo - the Rancho Zabaco series. Also Malbec - originally from France but it has reached perfection in Argentina. Bodegas Norton makes a reserve for around $12 that is fantastic - plummy, rich, delicious. Catena Zapata, Terrazes de los Andes, Gascon and Dona Paula are others to look for. Chile has a lot of stuff over here but I find many of their wines vegetal and green and would not recommend them as somewhere to learn. Not fair, but we are talking gross generalizations. Don't know what you want to spend, but it was much easier to spend less than $10 a few years ago. Now you really need to look. Check out Jancis Robinson's Purple Pages - she is an English wine critic who just re-edited the Oxford Dictionary of Wine. Has a great dictionary on her site. Check out Robert Parker's board - he is probably the most influential critic of anything. And check out Decanter - a wine mag from England. And Wine Spectator - the largest circulation US wine mag. And look at the websites that some stores put up. They have a surprising amount of info. PJWine in NYC has a great site with lots of well-written tutorials. Wine Library in NJ has exhuberant blurbs, but some decent info as well. Near you, Sams Warehouse has an excellent site. E-mail me for more specific info.