Clopyralid was originally registered as General Use pesticide and was available 'over the counter' to homeowners in various applications, including being in some weed 'n feed products and as a direct application herbicide (Confront, Curtail, etc.). After it's persistence became known and problems with contaminated compost arose, Dow pulled all residential use registration. Not only can it no longer be purchased and used by homeowners, it is not registered for use for ANY residential turf applications, even by licensed commercial applicators. Clopyralid's use is now restricted to certain specific agricultural applications, DOT and right of way use, forestry applications and on golf courses and cemetaries. And any clopyralid treated refuse generated by golf courses or cemetaries MUST be composted and recycled onsite.

Out of curiosity I just called my local Lowes store to see what the cost difference would be to use 4" PVC-Sched40 as opposed to 4"PVC-SDR35 and I was utterly amazed at the results. A 10' length of 4" PVC-SDR35 is $15.03 A 10' length of 4" PVC-Sched.40 is $14.67 If we then factor in the cost of a 4" PVC coupling the price is almost identical. Considering that the trenching cost remains the same regardless of which pipe you choose the savings is then only the time required to make a slip joint versus apply primer and glue however, while Lowes only carries 10' lengths PVC sched.40 is principally made in 20' lengths available at any Plumbing supply house. This means you only have half as many joints with sched40 so the actual labor time would be nearly the same. Bussdriver is correct that they do use PVC SDR pipe with gaskets joints for municipal mains however it must be remembered that the SDR standard was originally used to specify concrete sewer pipe. When we apply the SDR formula to a 36" municipal main we get a wall thickness of 36/35= 1.02". Even an 18" municipal main would have a 1/2" wall thickness. The smallest diameter PVC-SDR35 pipe used for municipal mains is 8" which would have a wall thickness of 8"/35= 0.228' which is approximately the same thickness as 4" PVC-sched40 at 0.237". However when we consider that a residential house sewer is limited to 3" or 4" we then get a wall thickness of 3"/35= 0.085" or 4"/35= 0.11". While PVC-SDR35 is approved in both the IRC and UPC most local codes do not approve it because as the pipe ages it will become brittle and when it is put under the stress of tree roots of rocks in the soil quite often the pipe wall will shatter in the same manner as vitreous clay tile. Don't believe the pipe wall is brittle, go to your local hardware or home supply store and examine there stock. Look for the lightweight light green or white pipe with preformed end bells. It will be labelled PVC-SDR35 on the pipe wall. Now look through the stack and see how many sections have broken end bells or chunks missing on the raw end.

BTW, I'm not sure if you can still get these now that I think Target owns the Smith & Hawken name, but we have big plastic compost bins from Smith & Hawken (which actually came from our city through a discount program) that do a great job of protecting the compost pile so it's not out in the open but is still getting air. They're very low-tech---literally just a piece that goes on the bottom of the pile, then three stacked side pieces and a lid that can all be taken apart and hosed off---but they sit in the back corner of our yard and are very unobtrusive, and have yet to be bothered by anyone (including our overly-inquisitive dog, who is well aware that food scraps go in, but still leaves the bins be once the lids are closed). We haven't had fly issues, though we do occasionally get ants---when that happens, we shift the balance to a little more "brown" (leaves, yard waste, plus coffee grounds) and a little less "green" (food waste) for a week or two and it generally tapers off. (I also occasionally spray the edge of the bins with limonene oil, which we also use in our garden on occasion for ants.) However, we also live in a very moderate climate, so it rarely gets above 80 or below 40---I'm sure this helps with bugs and smells, too.

Donna, I am very sorry to hear this about your hotel. Ida, people are doing yard sales here. Outdoors with masks and mobile pay they can be lower risk. They are still moving. House inventory is very low. DH is still doing tons of real estate closings. Now, these may really drop off a cliff later this year, but people are still moving. I am obviously concerned about my school. I am sure some programs will be let go. As of now, classes in our major are at full or nearly-full capacity. We have to limit how many are in the classroom/lab at a time. I’m also concerned about safety. Wish I was closer to retirement! I imagine some people will get offered a buyout, but I’m too young. I am being recruited for another position that would involve less student contact and likely a more stable school although I would like to leave academia totally, which is sad considering I just got promoted. Or, we’d like to leave for an overseas position. The entertainment industry like theatres and concert venues are going to hurt for months. Up to 90% of venues may have to close their doors without financial help. There will be almost nothing this year. Just got word of another canceled show for fall, which I was expecting. The band is from Australia, and they can’t travel. But, like BestYears posted, I am appalled that extremely wealthy artists like The Eagles, Guns & Roses, Pearl Jam, and Tool filed for PPP money. I can understand the club-level acts who are barely scraping by, and I can also see that these top level acts pay a lot in taxes (maybe?). They also probably did not anticipate the funding would be made public. Even Sharon Osborne came out and said c’mon, people. I still need to rebook my flights for next year for the rescheduled Rage Against the Machine show. We will hold on to our tickets and hope a vaccine is available.