I would suggest a 24-36 inch wide commercial metal shelving unit, floor to ceiling, behind your current ladder location. Adjust one of the shelves to approximately counter height and house your coffee pot, toaster and other small appliances on it. Use the lower shelves to store your heavier kitchen items - canned goods, pots & pans, etc. Use the higher shelves for lighter items - trays, cookie sheets, paper towels etc. I've been using a shelving unit in this capacity for the past year and it works quite well. I bought some metal S hooks to hang my untensils - ladles, spatulas , spoons as well as smaller skillets and frying pans. If you don't like to see all of these items you could easily incorporate bin and box storage.

Sectionals are generally mistakes for several reasons. No one wants to be wedged in the corner, so that is wasted space. They are big and bulky and take up too much visual space in a small area. They are not versatile and rarely can be moved to another room or another apartment or house. In the are on the other side of your kitchen, I would buy a rectangular dining table and chairs. The table should seat at least four people. Think about getting one with a leaf to sit 6 and buy two extra chairs that you can store somewhere, or buy two really nice folding chairs you can store somewhere. Like under your bed. In the living room, I would put your television on the wall perpendicular to the window. Only get a big entertainment unit if you need the storage space. Other wise, just get a low media unit and put the television on top. Put your sofa, a three cushion sofa for normal size adults in a non-fussy tuxedo style facing that wall that is perpendicular to the window. You can put two chairs that are either upholstered or combination wood and upholstery of the mid-century modern or Danish type perpendicular to the sofa. You can put a side table between the two chairs, and either a square coffee table in front of the sofa, or a big square ottoman with a big tray to hold drinks, snacks, etc. And when you don't have company, you can put your feet up. and you can always get another side table for the other side of the sofa. On the wall next to the kitchen on the other side of the cooktop, you can put bookshelves and even a desk and chair, if you need one. This is a tuxedo sofa. They come in different sizes. These are large ottomans in leather in two different styles

Your dining table in the "den" would not be in direct line with the door. But I get your point; it's close enough. The dining room is directly opposite the kitchen, and the two situations are said to cause loss of vitality and make you short-tempered over time. Put up a curtain or screen to block the view from the dining room to the kitchen and entrance. Even if you decide to use this area as an office/den it would still be a good idea to screen it from the entrance and kitchen. You have one poison arrow corner in your dining room. Place a faux plant, or a large sculpture in front of that protruding corner. Put your etagere in the area next to the faux plant, and place a mirror on the wall overlooking the table. The mirror can be square or rectangular and hung 3 to 5 ft above the floor. Have a bowl of fruit on the table that is reflected in the mirror. Below is a picture of what I have described, and it's traditional feng shui—a dining room only. It should never be used as a catchall for dumping things. I'm not saying you can't sort your mail on the table, but you should never let stuff sit there.

Apartment Therapy has a slew of articles with ideas on how to store your bike in a small apartment. (If the link doesn't work, just do a search for "bike".) Looking at your pics, I'm thinking you might be able to do something on the wall at the foot of your bed.