There's little about those windows,doors or anything else in pictures that resemble 1916. Rest assured anything you do will not destroy a piece of history.

I previously had a house from a similar era. I went with a Simpson Doug Fir 6-lite door, with a 1 panel fullview storm & screen door. You had to swap out the screen seasonally, but it did the nice wood door justice.

Do you actually use the storm door for the screen aspect? If not, and a wood storm door is out of reach, it might be better to just skip the idea of using a storm door. A solid wood, quality replacement entry door is pretty darned energy efficient (especially compared to what is there now). You can finish it with Marine grade finish so that it is water resistant. Also your door is considerably under the overhang so it shouldn't get too badly beaten by the weather.