If your existing ceiling fixture is anchored to a standard 4" box there should be no problem removing that and putting in a 6" remodel recessed light. I do this all the time. Removing the existing light leaves a 4" hole then you cut in a 6" hole and install the remodel can.

Would you consider installing a reno recessed can in the same location along with whatever perimeter pattern you planned? If you go with 5" cans, it's likely the hole from the surface mount will be covered once the trim is in place.

If you prefer smaller cans you can probably have the new drywall piece textured enough to blend. Most drywallers/painters should be able to mimic a knockdown or swirl texture well enough to feather in a 1" or 2" circurmfernce patch so it's not very obvious.

I have a textured ceiling in an upstairs bedroom that was 'repaired'...and it looks it. I think it's very difficult to replicate the texture to get the same look as the original. But it's upstairs, in a bedroom, right above the door, so it's not something that gets much attention, so I haven't done anything more about it. The family room will be getting new recessed lights in the reno, and we will have the whole ceiling sanded, skimmed and knocked down so the kitchen/fr will be consistent.

All that being said, the overhead semi flush in the current kitchen was replaced several years ago, and the canopy was a different size. We didn't need to do a large patch, just some spot patching and once the ceiling was painted, it was hard to tell where the old one was. In our case, a recessed fixture and trim ring would have covered it just fine.