whaas, I believe Ron's advice on the wiring is correct. It took a bit to understand your diagram - "hubs" are wire nuts and "2 wire/3 wire" is the NM cables entering the box. It appears the left 2/wire NM cable is the line coming in, the middle 3/wire NM cable feeds the light inside the garage with the red switched for the light and the black maybe for an outlet in the ceiling for a garage door opener? The right 2/wire NM cable feeds the outside lights. Connect the wiring as Ron described, turn the breaker back on, make sure the switch under the little door at the bottom is in the "timer" position and not "off". Then using a straightened paper clip, press the reset button momentarily. Let us know.

Tell us more about this light. The brown with white tip is likely for an additional option like a heater or fan.

I'm assuming both switches are on the same circuit and in the same box? Then at the ceiling box, combine the 2 white wires together with the white from the ceiling fan/light and connect one black to the fan and one black to the light. Connect all ground wires.

Showing a full plan including the Kitchen and Dining, which also shows the beverage center, would be needed to address some of your questions. Just hard to visualize from the pic where the Dining table and beverage center sit and how the backhouse entry plays with those. As far as lighting, I think you have only stated "centered over aisle walkways" with an additional light over the sink, range, and island. if so, there is much more counter space that will not be well lit, and the hood is in the way from the range ceiling light. Also, you have undercounter lighting for the kneespace cabinets, which provide functional light for them, but otherwise if they are on it will dominate your attention to those areas (bright, shiny surfaces below your eye level, to a recessed area for your knees/feet which is blocked haphazardly and creates messy shadows on the floor by the stool framing and such anyway). Note it is very hard to match ceiling recessed lighting to undercabinet lighting with color temp and saturation on the adjacent surfaces, so they always stand out as different. Since you have no upper cabinets to provide any undercabinet lighting, there is nothing to balance this undercounter accent lighting. However, lacking upper cabinets, if you were to accent light the range backsplash wall fully, have toekick accent lights, and likewise the island footspace lighting continues down the sides, then that could balance out the entire room (kind of like the 3-D drawing shows). As far as the cabinet layout, which is probably too late to change anyway, I'm not sure about the functionality of turning with wet dishes to place in a DW behind you. Nor what the angled end cabinets really provide aesthetically. Just a couple items amongst others where I'm sure other commenters would have more to say.