The brand of my solar oven is Sun Oven. If you do a search on solar ovens, you can find recipes, instructions for making sun ovens, or ovens for purchase. They've come down in price a bit over the years. I paid $225 for mine a few years ago. I figured it was a lifetime investment. I checked for a friend last year, and found one Web site selling Sun Ovens for $175. There are various types of solar cookers. Some are small and pretty much only meant for boiling water at a campsite (for those dehydrated, instant meals). My Sun Oven heats up very quickly. The instructions say not to let it heat up whilst empty, but I have let mine heat for ten minutes or so empty. They say to at least put a rock inside! Cookware is supposed to be black to absorb the rays of the sun. I have used glass cookware, such as a glass loaf pan, when baking meatloaf. I once baked a pie in a glass pie plate. Both items turned out well. One has to remember to take potholders outside and use them! There have been a few times the weather changed after I began solar cooking, clouds rolled in obscurring the sun. I had to finish the cooking in the house. One does have to tend a solar oven. It has to be turned slightly every hour so that it is always directly facing the sun. The shadow of the oven should be behind the oven, that is how you know it is directly facing the sun. There is an adjustable leg at the back of the oven to create angles for sun catching, if necessary. When doing quick breads and cakes, it is okay if the temperature goes lower than stated on your recipe. The item takes longer to bake, but there is no problem with that. With meat you don't want the temperature to go lower than 200 degrees because bacterial problems could develop. A number of people have seen my oven in use and been jazzed at the idea. One workman excitedly exclaimed that he would buy one to take on his week long camping trips. My kitchen range uses very little propane, so I haven't noticed much of a savings in cost of energy. The big bonus for me is the fun of cooking outdoors, and not heating up the house. Here is one link: http://www.solarovens.net/ They have a new item called a Solar Hot Pot, like a crockpot. Lorna

I finally made a cake with the Meyer Lemons that fell from my tree. Grainlady, I thought I had coconut oil but I didn't. I looked where I normally shop and wasn't happy with what they had so I wound up using the quick lemon cake recipe that Shambo posted and my lightest, virtually flavorless, olive oil. I still think that the slight coconut flavor of coconut oil with the lemon would be great and I have put it on my phone shopping list. The spicy lime mayo you posted is definitely something we would love and I just looked at their website and one of my local supermarkets sells it, so it's on the list too. Thanks for your help. Sherrmann, coconut oil has been controversial, but from all the reading I've done, I feel it is healthy. We all have to make our own decisions on lots of foods and I will be quick to admit that I often feel there is conflicting research on all sorts of foods. I love butter too, but since my very serious heart surgery I have to be careful about how much I use. Coconut oil has no cholesterol and no sodium and butter is very high in cholesterol. I certainly do eat some butter, but it's in my best interest to limit it which is why my original question was to ask what to substitute for some of the butter. I'm sure this recipe would be fabulously wonderful with the original amount of butter. Lee

It's not so much being "green", it more about being cheap - ahem - frugal. Nothing I do will save the planet, but the bottom line, the energy savings sure are nice ;-). For a "tried and true" recipe for whole grain biscuits... I start with a wholegrain baking mix recipe I came up with a number of years ago (I usually make 1/2 a recipe and freeze it). I use this recipe whenever Bisquick is called for in a recipe.: Good-For-You Baking Mix 2 c. freshly-milled spelt (or unbleached all-purpose flour) 2 c. white whole wheat flour 3/4 c. Morning Moo's Whey-Based Milk Substitute (powder) 1/2 c. quick-cooking oats 1/2 c. cornmeal 3 T. baking powder 1 t. salt 1 c. coconut oil (or softened butter) In a large container thoroughly combine all the dry ingredients. Add the fat, and using a hand-held electric mixer, blend in the fat until evenly dispersed. Store, tightly covered, in the freezer. Good-For-You Biscuits 3 c. Good-For-You Baking Mix 1 c. kefir curd (or plain yogurt) Combine baking mix and yogurt just until moistened. Drop by spoonfuls onto greased baking sheet. Bake in 425-degree F. oven for 10-12 minutes, or until golden. Makes 16 drop biscuits. For cut biscuits, pat dough 3/4-1-inch thick. Cut into 2-inch squares (or size you like) using a pizza cutter. ---------------------------------- WHOLE WHEAT BUTTERMILK BISCUITS 2-1/4 c. soft white whole wheat flour 2 T. flaxmeal 2 t. baking soda 1/4 t. soda 1/2 t. salt 1/3 c. softened butter or coconut oil 3/4 c. homemade kefir or buttermilk Mix dry ingredients. But in fat. Add kefir or buttermilk and mix lightly, just until the ingredients come together. Pat dough out 3/4-1-inch thick and cut with a pizza cutter into 2-inch squares. Bake in a preheated 425-degree F. oven for 15-minutes. -Grainlady

Sue- Is it the wisdom of the ages or science from the experts? This is what I've read from "experts" - I'm just the person sitting behind the keyboard typing after I've gathered a stack of books by my side. According to Shirley Corriher in "Cookwise", salt plays three roles in dough: It enhances flavor, controls bacteria, and strengthens dough by tightening gluten. She even suggests if the water you are using in your breads is soft (low mineral content), you'll want to be sure to add high-mineral salt - which are natural sea salts, not table salt. The minerals in natural sea salt also play into yeast activity. But what is too much salt... As little as 1/3 t. of salt per cup of flour can be enough to noticeably slow yeast growth. Salt can be added intentionally to slow yeast growth. More salt may be added to dough, such as in a bakery setting when you would want to slow down fermentation until the next shift of workers comes on. The small amount of salt we add to yeast and naturally-leavened breads doesn't really give a salty taste, nor does it contribute largely to the daily sodium intake in a normal diet or normal sodium amounts for people who aren't watching sodium intake, but salt helps to bring out the flavor of the fermentation. As anyone who has ever left the salt out of a recipe can attest, bread without salt is somewhat insipid - but that's because our taste is often trained to like salt and salty flavors. Then there's all the hub-bub about when to add salt. I wait to add salt towards the end of the kneading, along with the fat. I only add the fat early if I want a close crumb - or an almost cake-like texture (for sandwich bread as an example - breads that need to hold together when held in your hands and keep spreads from dripping through). The gluten will have an easier time developing, and will develop quicker (meaning you will need to spend less time mixing and kneading) when you wait to add the salt after gluten development. Once you add the salt, the gluten really tightens up. You can actually feel the difference in the dough. Peter Barham in "The Science of Cooking" says "...the salt acts to modify and control the action of the yeast. Harold McGee in "Keys to Good Cooking A Guide to Making the Best of Foods and Recipes" and "On Food and Cooking": Salt contributes to a balanced taste and intensifies aroma in bread, but it also affects structure and texture. Salt makes a dough less sticky, and gluten more stretchy, and the finished loaf lighter. In sourdoughs, salt helps control the growth of acid-producing, gluten-weakening bacteria. [So there's that bacteria mentioned by Shirley Corriher as well.] Salt isn't a leavening agent, but it helps control the leavening agent, as you thought. You can make perfectly good bread with very little or no salt at all (other than the naturally occurring salts in water, other ingredients, etc. - there is always a source for some sodium, even without added salt). But as one book pointed out, when it came to taste tests, people liked breads with more salt than less salt. As a person who doesn't use a lot of salt in their diet, I'd choose less salty flavor - so flavor is subjective. When using less salt in breads, you just need to watch the rise because it will be faster than normal. Peter Barham, in his book, intentionally made bread with lower salt amounts to see how little it could actually be, and he came to the conclusion you didn't need salt at all and that the bread tasted fine. "Fine" isn't what most people expect homemade bread to taste like, however. So you can use a long cold rise to develop flavors, instead of adding salt, or as much salt. And there is the old rule of thumb... If you reduce the salt in a bread recipe, be sure to reduce the yeast as well. So if you cut the salt by 50%, reduce the yeast by 50%. I was also taught in cooking and baking classes that a little salt makes sweet things taste sweeter, hence the ever-present "pinch of salt" in things you wonder what difference did that small amount actually make? There are a lot of factors to keeping bread fresh. Choose enriched breads and sourdough, instead of lean doughs. If you want your bread to stay fresh longer add fenugreek or rosemary because these ingredients are antioxidants, "they prevent oxygen in the air from combining with compounds in the dough, thus acting as a preservative by preventing chemical changes in the dough." I add an acid ingredient to whole wheat breads in the form of ascorbic acid, which is another antioxidant you can add to aid keeping bread fresher longer, but also counteracts the effects of Glutathione in wheat germ, which can damage the gluten strands. Yeast also works better in a mildly acidic mixture. But don't add an acid to naturally-leavened breads because they are already acid enough. My personal favorites for keeping bread fresher longer are coconut oil, agave nectar, and chia seeds - and you won't find these ingredients discussed in any books by "experts". Coconut oil was used in commercial baked goods until the mid-20th century because it helped lengthen shelf-life. As a medium-chain fat, coconut oil doesn't go rancid as quickly as polyunsaturated oils. When pressure was put on the market to use hydrogenated fats and polyunsaturated fats, the shelf-life was shortened, foods went rancid quickly, and they had to find new stabilizers and chemicals to use instead of coconut oil. Coconut oil was used for popping corn at the movies and sports stadiums. They popped large amounts long before it was needed and packed into containers to be used later, and using coconut oil in it kept it fresher longer. Nobody likes stale popcorn.... Coconut oil aids in slowing down mold growth as well. Agave nectar does an excellent job of holding moisture in baked goods, as does chia seeds. Both keep moisture in the crumb of breads from migrating through the crust, so they slow staling - which is an interesting read in and of itself. If you are going to freeze your bread, there is a lot of science about using honey in your breads instead of sugar. The honey will aid in keeping the moisture in the crumb, and I suspect agave nectar has a similar quality. Hope the experts have given you the answers you were looking for. -Grainlady