I'd move those two vases over and angle them, put the tray in the middle, lose the green thing and have a lamp, tall-ish, thin, with gold or brass tones. Lovely painting.

Darn those budgets! :-) Start by prioritizing your wish list, defining what is a must have and what you can live without. That will help the search and help us advise. If you can live without floating and want something more like the top photo, J & K cabinetry might be an option if they are in your area. they sell only to contractors but the prices are great and the quality is surprisingly nice. their transitional line is much like the top photo. They you can get a cabinet maker to change the front of the cabinet on the counter to a mirrored front or a mirror place could do an inlay on the cabinet.

can you sketch up a rough floorplan? we can't make many suggestions without that. off the top of my head: I would turn the bunkbed so it's against the TV wall. then switch where your bed and desk are. after that, squeeze all of the smaller furniture in wherever it makes sense. then declutter, which will majorly help you just feel better in the space. it looks like there's some stuff that doesn't necessarily need to be in a bedroom. such as that small table with first aid (or vitamins)? and the skates and cleaning supplies? can any of that stuff go somewhere else in the house? is there stuff being stored under the bunkbed that belongs to your parents? move it out so your kids stuff can be stored there. for privacy, is there any way you can DIY a privacy curtain or get somebody to help you with that? it could be accomplished with curtain wires like this, plus some cheap bedsheets or cheap curtains found on amazon. just make sure they're not too heavy. if it's pretty long, you might need to add a support in the middle of the wire with a hook screwed into the ceiling. or check amazon for privacy screens. some of them are really cheap. not beautiful and they don't get stellar reviews, but could work as a temporary solution.this one is only $57:

Well it depends on the size of the transom. A traditional transom will not. if it is a larger and or operable transom possibly. A lot depends on your ceiling height as well as the outside elevation with that. If light is your goal you can do both if it works on the outside elevation. Also you can do a regular size window inside a shower. Or two smaller square windows.......the possibilities are endless but I try to not elimate existing windows where possible especially when it gives the opportunity for function and light. lower cabinets although tall ones.....i would go counter height with window above.