LED lights are taking over the world. The incandesent bulb is going the way of the dinosaur because they generate heat instead of light, and are condsidered inefficient because of this. LEDs generate more light, much of which occurs at different frequencies and probably different spectrums (possibly including UV). Most of the new landscape lighting is nice, no running wires for power, they use solar cells and batteries. Just plug and play. You might want to consider blackouts on the landscape lighing that hits the trees, you would still be able to have the lights and protect the tree. Light energy will dissipate over distance focus on the light(s) closest to the tree. Like you said, you already have a template for the culprit lights. The next question is this hurting the tree itself. Either with bombarding it with too much of the wrong light or the lack of a dark cycle. Photosynthesis process does need a dark cycle for energy conversion. Do the lights shutoff 4hrs after dusk?, if so, probably not a dark cycle issue. I would guess that there have been sutdies on this topic already. Good find.

Thanks for the responses - I think it is the wood wasp that did the damage; it looks about right. From what I read, it lays eggs in the tree, so now I'm wondering what, if anything, I can do to help the tree recover? Do I cut out the damage, and protect the cut this time? Should I just start shopping for a new tree? In response to Dan's comment about pruning, I thought it was standard practice to prune back unbranched, dormant, bare root fruit trees by about a third when planting in early spring. That's what we've been doing and have had vigorous, healthy trees, but this is the first cherry tree we've planted. Are cherries different, or have we just been lucky? Thanks again, Emily

Agree it looks like sapsucker damage. I haven't seen any sapsucker damage on my citrus trees but they have sure done a number on a Japanese plum (loquat) I have. I welcome the true woodpeckers in my yard but the sapsucker is not welcome here!

Looks like some chewing from when the leaves were small and just beginning to grow. Not much you can do now other than keep your eyes open for new damage. I find my apple tree to be an excellent wildlife plant, it seems like just about every insect or animal enjoys eating the foliage, flowers, bark or fruit and I'm kind of surprised the tree survives.