Interesting thread. Ya know, I like my roses, but they're just ornaments. Trees are Life Itself. Why have trees? why have air? or food? or soil? Because we need them. For physical and psychological well being. Trees keep us humble. I mean TREES. Towering 60-200ft tall trees. Yes, especially in those cookie cutter postage stamp subdivisions!!!!! even more critical there. In any place where trees grow naturally, the biggest thing around should be trees, not buildings. Prairies and deserts are the exceptions as the environment there does not naturally support trees from lack of water. Trees remind us that we are not the biggest or most important thing around. Trees remind us that we can't always have our way. Trees remind us that there was a past before us, and there will be a future after us. Trees remind us to look UP. Why have trees? because they came before us. A little sunny space around the house is good, but trees are necessary too. I am a proud Tree Hugging Dirt Worshiper. Some people find their god in a man-made building. Mine is all around, in his own creation. In roses, and especially in trees and all the other life forms that trees support.

The reasoning behind the change in energy consumption is geared from the power loss a few years back in the NY area. The National study of how this happened and why sparked some interesting results. First of all to replace the old antique power lines and grid system in just one area would be Trillions of dollars. That's just one grid! Our almighty power supply companies can't even comprehend where to start and where the money will come from. So they are all putting large amounts of money in a federally funded program to make our homes more energy efficient. So by having an energy audit done on your home and finding out where all your issues are. You can then have access to this pool of low interest loans through our government. There are a handful of us working closely with these programs and teaching them the things they will need to know for a more energy efficient home. In my case, I offer technical solutions on the installation of doors and windows. The proper use of house wrap and flashing. Then it goes from there to siding, HVAC, roofing and insulation. Your windows are only part of a very complex system... your home. Every home is different and every climate doesn't care... it just does what it does. The neighbor next to you in the same model home might change windows and save 50%... and you might do the exact same and save nothing. It might not make sense.. until you apply science. Energy is heat and follows it's own laws. It's laws tell it to move to a lack thereof by any vehicle available. Air transfer is the easiest but many others are readily available in most homes. Conduction, convection and radiation are the primary taxicabs. If your neighbors home is properly insulated and airtight, the energy might have been primarily using the old windows as the vehicle to move in or out. If your home isn't, new windows will only tranfer the energy to the next cab... like your walls or roof. Think (ATM) = money. Air, Temperature and Moisture always move in relation to each other. If you address one and not the others, they will bring it along for the ride anyways. A typical 2,500 square foot home has over a half mile of cracks and crevices in it's shell. Insulation defects DOMINATE the thermal performance of any assembly. If the insulation in that shell has even 5% of gaps or openings, it reduces the entire shell's insulating value by up to 70%!!! The effect is even worse with higher initial R-values. The air takes the energy for a free cab ride and steps on the gas. Heat does not rise, it moves equally in every direction. Only heated air rises when it is not driven in another direction by predominant pressure or airflow. If your house is well insulated and very airtight, then your windows might be the primary source of heat loss/gain. Changing these windows with a well insulated and airsealed product might make a huge difference in your energy bills. This would be the hope of everyone going through this process but it may also have very serious side-effects. If your old windows were a considerable source of air-infiltration, the reduction of this airflow will induce a negative pressure inside the home and may cause your cumbustion appliances to backdraft Carbon monoxide (CO). I have personally tested and witnessed this occurance by simply turning on a clothes dryer or a few utility fans. That was all it took to change the airflow. If a shortage is measured, the necessary amount of "fresh" replacement air can then be supplied by controlled mechanical ventilation. When you change any part of a structure's thermal or pressure boundaries with windows, siding, roofing & venting, etc., you have changed the rules and allowances. It is for these reasons and many more that I strongly recommend having your house professionally tested before and after any shell remodeling. The analysis fees are usually deductable from the contract amount of the work performed. These testing procedures are supported and recommended by the EPA and the USDOE and information can be found through their sites. The primary objective is to save energy and improve comfort and air quality in the home. This can be achieved in almost every home in America... if you, Test... Before you invest.

The original poster used 6x12x24' to span the 18' span, so I think I will do the same. However, instead of 8' on the other side, I have 16'. I *could* add two more posts to break this up, and have 3 6x12 beams span the 18' distance between each pair of posts: 1------2 : : : : 3------4 1->2 distance = 18' 1->3 distance = 16' In my case posts between 1&2 and 3&4 are out of the question due to sight lines from the house (big window). I could add 2 posts shown by *, although I'd rather not, since the deck extends beyond on both sides: 1---#---2 : # : * # * : # : 3---#---4 So, I am thinking 6x12x24' between 1&2 and 3&4, then 4x8 (or 3x10) 18-20' length between 1&3 and 2&4, but also at the mid point of the two 6x12 beams (where the # are above). My concern is the weight of that mid span beam on the two 6x12s. But based on the two examples I've seen here, it looks like the 6x12s will do fine. I do like the idea of splitting the top rafter lengths in two, like Bemis' example, so I can use 12' 2x6s instead of 20' (or longer). However, that would require two mid span beams front to back resting on the 6x12s, like this: 1==#=#==2 # # # # # # # # # # # # 3==#=#==4 = are the 6x12x24' beams # are the 4x8x20' beams then 2x6x12' running from 1->2 across the top in two sections split in the middle, much like Bemis'

Who knew? I was trying to figure out how to duplicate a recipe from a Toronto restaurant that smokes mussels over pine needles. Are they edible? Absolutely! A whole world opened up and we have two pine groves. I found this amazing blog that opened my eyes: The Powerful Properties of Pine Trees (and other Extraordinary Evergreens) March 2, 2012admin 14 Comments 16 The Powerful Properties of Pine Trees (and other Extraordinary Evergreens) – by Heather Gardener If you go down to the woods today you’re in for a big surprise; for every where a pine tree’s there, a needle nibbler gathers her fare…feasting and foraging in the forest! A revolution is taking place in response to our ever burgening economic crisis. This revolution will not be televised, sanitised or franchised… its a downsized Wild Revolution! People are swopping the supermarkets for the forest, and realising that the contents of their teapot or blender need not come from a plastic package of dubious origin and unknown length of storage, but from natures cornicopia. Most of us are by now familar with the possibility, if not the practice, of picking greens from our backyard or park to add to our diet. Did you realise that trees also come bearing gifts of nutritious bounty? Most trees have edible parts such as leaves, bark, blossom and fruit; but even in the depths of winter, it is still possible to gather nutritious nibbles in the forest from the Evergreen family. Edible Evergreens Most Evergreen trees are edible, but for safety and simplicity, stick to the Pine, Fir and Spruce family. It was discovered back in the days of scurvy that these trees are extremely high in Vitamin C, as well as vitamin A, quercetin, flavonoids, anthocyanins and volitile oils that are beneficial for respiratory conditions,coughs, colds and flus as well as being anti inflamatory. Pine Power The pine has been revered and used all over the world. It was used as a traditional remedy by the Native American Indians, and there is a Taoist practice of surviving only on pine needles to gain supernatural powers that has its roots in the pine tree’s symbolism of integrity and honour. The Scandinavians used pine branches in saunas, and many cultures stuffed mattresses with pine needles to repel lice, fleas, and other insects. In fact, pine-needle mattresses are still used today in the Swiss Alps, as a remedy for rheumatism. According to Ben Charles Harris’s book ‘Eat the Weeds’, a cup of pine needle tea may supply five times as much vitamin C as in a lemon. Studies in both China and Russia have also found it to be Anti-Fungal, Anti-Bacterial & Anti-Viral, AntiOxidant & Anti-Aging, Helpful for Weight, Cholesterol & High blood pressure, Relieves Sore, Aching Muscles, Stimulating to the Liver, Astringent for the Bladder, Relaxing to the Mind and Stress Relieving, AND Helpful in Restoring Overall Balance to The Body! (Wow! Now wasn’t that a mouthful!) Identification Pine trees usually have quite long needles, sometimes up to 8 inches. Spruce and fir have much shorter needles, with the fir being more sparse. A tree identification book and some rambles in your area will reveal what varieties you have for your tasty Pine Potion adventures. Caution Start out slowly to avoid any ill effects. These trees contain concentrated chemical compounds! Do NOT consume evergreen tree parts if pregnant or breastfeeding. Pine Needle Tea ½ cup of pine needles (or other needles from fir or spruce trees) Crush the needles slighly & add to a pot of boiling water (3-4 cups). Simmer for 15-20 mins, or simply steep the needles in not yet boiling water. You can add a spoon of honey or other liquid sweetener (maple syrup, agave, etc), as well as herbs such as rosemary or green tea, to this wonderfully aromatic brew. Left over tea can be added to a bath, poured over the stones in a sauna, or used as a rinse for the hair to combat dandruff! According to Wikipedia, Vitamin C may not be desroyed by high temperatures but will instead leach into the water; if this is the case, we will not be loosing the Vitamin C by drinking this infusion. Sergei Boutenko’s Douglas Fir Green Smoothie Recipe 10 Tips of Douglas Fir (gather the fresh young tips in spring) 2 cups of spinach or your favourite green 2 bananas 2 cups of water Simply blend and Enjoy! Swap recipes around with different young green tips of either Spruce or Pine. Use some foraged Wild Edibles instead of Spinach, and add in some berries to boost the Vitamin C content for Winter Wellness. For example, add in freshly foraged rosehips! The fresh green spring tips are also great to add to salads. You can also run a few needles through your juicer to add extra oompf to your juices. Alternatively, take 10-15 fresh pine needles and chew them thoroughly. Swallow the juice, but spit what is left of the needles! Pine Needle Vinegar or Oil 500ml Glass Jar 500ml of either Cyder Vinegar or Organic Cold Pressed Oil Several handfuls of Pine Needles Make sure the jar is very clean and dry. Slightly crush the pine needles with a rolling pin and pack them into the jar. Pour on as much vinegar or oil to fill and cover the jar. Allow to infuse for up to 6 weeks. Strain and use or if you wanted a stronger infusion, or pack in more fresh crushed needles. For a more balsamic tasting vinegar, add a tablespoon of coconut sugar. Both are wonderful aditions to salad dressings. The vinegar is also great to take in a cup of warm lemon and honey to ward of colds and flus, while the oil is great to massage tired aching limbs. Pine is also reputed to relieve skin conditions, such as psoriasis. You can use the oil or make an ointment to rub on irritated skin or fungal infections. Spruce Butter Melt a pound of coconut oil gently over a bain marie, then add ¼ cup of young fresh spruce tips. Allow to infuse for a couple of hours or overnight. Melt the oil again and strain out the needles. Use as a flavoursome butter or to add an interesting twist to your recipes. Good as a tonic for the hair and skin as well! Pine Needle Sugar or Honey Place crushed pine needles into a jar of honey or coconut sugar and leave for several weeks or months. Use in teas, desserts or other creative concoctions. For variety, add peices of lemon or orange peel to flavour. Sergei’s Pine Needle Toothbrush Pine resin is great for removing sugars from the teeth. Simply chew up some pine needles until it makes a ball and scrub your teeth with it! Pine Bouquet Garnish Make a little bunch out of sprigs of pine, rosemary, thyme, bay leaves and tie together with a little hemp or organic cotton string. Drop it into the pot if you’re making a stew, soup or grain based cooked dish and allow the flavours to permeate the dish before removing. Pine Cones & Needles Potpourri Bring the outdoors in with the refreshing fragrance of pine. 6 cups dried pine needles (not brown) 2 cups small pine cones 2 cup dried orange peel 1 cup dried rosehips 1 cup dried rose & marigold petals 1 cup broken cinnamon sticks 4 tablespoons of orris root (optional) 15 to 20 drops of oil of pine (more or less as desired) In a bowl, place the oil on the orris root if using. Orris root is traditionally used to fix scent. Otherwise, sprinkle the oil on the pine cones, and gently mix all the ingredients together. To use, place into open containers throughout the house. Add more essential oil as needed. Keep out of reach from children and animals. Preserving your Needles To freeze, just snip the needles into smaller pieces and place in a zip lock bag in the freezer until ready to use. You can also dehydrate them, or dry out over a stove or in an airing cupboard. When dry, you can store in a jar, or more interestingly you can process them to a powder in your blender and use to add an aromatic flavour to various recipes. Wild Pine Pollen Wild pine pollen is reputed to be very high in natural testosterone. It can be gathered in the spring when the buds are blooming! Cover the tip of a branch with a plastic bag and shake the branch vigourously to collect the pollen in the bag.