I agree that it looks prefinished. Is there any wood left over? The best solution is probably to remove the bad wood and install new. I question whether that stain would even sand out and matching the finish would be nearly impossible.

Thank you for the help.

Assuming this is prefinished flooring IF there were any left over wood would removing old/damaged wood and installing new wood would match and make for a professional job? This may sound like a question that has its own obvious answer since prefinished presumably means that all old and new are factory matched, but I just wanted to make sure that is what is meant by prefinished wood.

To answer your question: there is no left over wood. Is it possible to get some prefinished wood that would be identical? How do I go about identifying what factory/batch this is from?

When I mentioned that I don't think it is deep into the wood, it is because I think the fluid that caused the damage wasn't there that long and I think it took off some of the finish but did not penetrate the wood.

The surface of the wood is what's probably discolored. How deep the stain goes is the question. Frankly, unless it bothers you terribly, I'd be inclined to leave it alone and put the potted plant back on top. The right time to fix this is when the whole floor is sanded. Anything else is likely to look like a patch and as you try to fix it the flawed area just gets larger. Scraping off the debonded finish, touching up the poly and puttying the cracks would go a long way toward making this look better.

Do you happen to have a closet with the same flooring? Closets can be good places to find matching floor to sacrifice. (Not a job I would take on myself, but you might be more handy.)

Finding matching wood would likely be quite difficult and even if you found it (or have left over pieces) it probably wouldn't match due to aging. You'd be lucky to find something close. Quite a few brands offer that product.

Are those 2 1/4" - 3" planks? How old is the home? If this floor is from the 80s-90s this very well could be a Bruce Hardwood product. It was a very popular product back in the day. Looks pretty faded, could be butterscotch or gunstock coloring. Finding the exact product will be impossible but Bruce does have other series's that are very similar to these old styles. It's a line worth looking into.
Are there any areas in the home where you can get a side profile photo of the product? Some of Bruce's products came 3/4"x2 1/4" ...which can be sanded and refinished.

There is no closet? No couch? No corner? No less conspicuous area?

Get matching wood from one of those areas!

This is a Centex house made in 2002. The width of the board is 2 1/4". Here is a picture of the stair step near front door that shows the wood in vertical position:

There are a couple of closets that have the same wood on their floors. They are not that big so not sure how much wood can be taken from them. How involved is it to take out some boards and swap? Is it likely that the boards get damaged as they are being removed? Any links on how this is done? I don't plan on doing this myself but I like to know what is involved.

Is what this guy is doing in this video applicable to such damage? Again I am just gathering information and not planning on doing this myself. Thanks.

https://youtu.be/eWi3ngubUS8

Hard to tell the thickness of the product. Are you able to get a side profile view of the product? Is this an engineered product or solid? I wouldn't attempt to remove from another location due to the product being glued down. You'll make a bigger mess than anything. Thickness of the product will also inform us (most of the time) if the product is solid or engineered. From there we can direct you in the right direction.

Oh, the product is glued down? What are the clues telling you that?

Considering that Centex Homes is headquarted in Dallas, TX and I know they build a lot here in the south (tract homes), I'm taking a wild guess that the OP is on a concrete foundation.

Here's a couple different options, both Bruce products. I don't think Centex installs the higher priced 3/4" products but it's worth a shot.
Bruce Fulton line - 2 1/4"x3/4" - Nailed down

Bruce Natural Choice line - 2 1/4"x5/16" - Glue down or staple.

If you're on concrete, more than likely the 5/16" was used and glued down. You will not be able to remove from one location and replace into another. You will destroy the product during removal. I believe the color shown in your photo is Gunstock...Butterscotch is pretty close too.