Fans of CI/ATK - Milk Street anyone?
9 years ago
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- 9 years ago
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Comments (27)From Nick Pine (via usenet): Article 63609 of misc.consumers.frugal-living: From: nick@ufo.ee.vill.edu (Nick Pine) Newsgroups: alt.energy.renewable,sci.engr.heat-vent-ac Subject: Re: Refrigerator -keep it full? Date: 2 May 1997 08:26:06 -0400 Organization: Villanova University Mark A. Yedinak wrote: >Polar wrote: >> I'd always heard that refrigerators should be kept full to >> work at maximum efficiency. If the door is closed, full or empty won't make much difference. If the door is opened once in a while, empty seems better, because the greater the surface area inside the refrigerator (eg the more stuff inside) the more heat will transfer to those cold surfaces from warm room air that circulates around them when the door is open. This is known as "Newton's law of cooling," invented by Isaac Newton, who also brought us gravity and calculus :-) >> An engineer friend has just debunked this theory as follows: >> >> He says the basis for the "theory" was that keeping refrig. >> full decreased the volume of air which might escape when door opened. >> The warm air entering, would then have to be cooled. It seems to me that as long as the door is open, room air circulates through the fridge, all the while warming the contents, if any. It's not like a single slug of room air replaces a single slug of refrigerator air, and then airflow stops. A 6' tall fridge might have 16.6x2ft^2sqrt(6'(70F-40F)) = 500 cubic feet per minute of air flowing through it when the door is open. If the door is open for 10 seconds, 80 ft^3 of air might flow through the fridge. Suppose an EMPTY 3' cubical fridge contains 27 ft^3 of space and 54 ft^2 of wall area, and it's 30 F inside and the door is open 10 seconds, allowing 70 F room air to circulate through the fridge. Suppose when the door closes, all the air in the fridge is 70 F and it needs to be cooled to 30 F again. Since 1 Btu can cool about 55 ft^3 of air 1 F, cooling that mass of air requires 27(70F-30F)/55 = 19.6 Btu (0.006 kWh.) But while the door was open, the circulating air heated the 54 ft^2 of interior surface (slightly) with a thermal conductance of about 1.5 Btu/h-F-ft^2, by about 10/3600(70-30)54x1.5 = 9 Btu. So opening the door added about 29 Btu to the empty fridge. Now suppose we FILL the fridge with 216 2 liter soda bottles (each about 12" tall x 4" diameter, with about 1.2 ft^2 of surface area) in 3 layers of 72 bottles, in a nice regular array, with air free to circulate around them, and open the door for 10 seconds. When the door closes, we now only have to cool 27 ft^3 - 216x2/28.32 = 11.75 ft^3 of air, which requires only 8.5 Btu, but while the door was open, we heated 54 + 216x1.2 = 313 ft^2 of surface by 10/3600(70-30)313x1.5 = 52 Btu, adding a total of about 60 Btu to the fridge, twice as much heat. (And perhaps more importantly, we also condensed a lot more water vapor onto that greater surface, at 1000 Btu/lb. The vegetables inside may also have cooled themselves by evaporating more water, which dripped out through the bottom of the fridge and evaporated into the room.) >> ...the energy expended to cool the water bottles, or whatever, is much >>greater than than which would be expended to cool the air entering a >>near-empty frig. True, but that's like comparing apples and oranges, or non-recurring and recurring costs, and it's related to that old myth that setback thermostats don't save money. We only need to spend the energy to cool the thermal mass of the water once, not every time the door is opened. >Your engineer friend is incorrect. The reason a refridgerator runs more >efficiently when full than when empty... Does it? It might, if the compressor cycles less. But years ago (ca 1930), when people cared more about energy efficiency (and today, in Sunfrosts), refrigerators used to have "heat accumulators," thermal mass on the outside of the fridge, attached to the hot coils on the back, to allow them to stay warm even when the compressor was not running, so they could more efficiently transfer heat to the room on a full time vs a part time basis, keeping the hot coils cooler (while making hot water?) I guess empty fridges tend to cycle more often, ie work more in this way. >is because the refridgerator itself is not required to work as much. A full fridge has to work harder at first to cool the contents, but after that, things are about the same. That initial cost is a lot less than the recurring cost, over a few days or more. >When an empty refridgerator is opened and then shut again, the warmer air >which entered needs to be cooled again. The only thing which will be able >to do this is the fridge itself. Agreed, but the objects the warm air warmed while the fridge was open also need to be cooled (and dried) again. The fewer things inside, the less of that cooling is required. >...when the fridge is full, those items take longer to warm, therefore they >stay cool even after the fridge has been opened and closed. These items now >help in cooling the air around them. Agreed, but that doesn't seem relevant to this kind of energy consumption (vs. "thermal mass refrigerators" powered by outdoor coolth, eg in Earthships.) >So, try to keep the fridge full. It will run more efficiently because it >will need to run less. So, try to keep the fridge empty. It will run more efficiently because it will need to run less. Nick It's a snap to save energy in this country. As soon as more people become involved in the basic math of heat transfer and get a gut-level, as well as intellectual, grasp on how a house works, solution after solution will appear. Tom Smith...See MoreEggs: Does anyone eat poached or hardboiled anymore
Comments (98)Beverlyal...goodness, I hope I didn't come across as one who thinks anyone's taste in food is superior to that of anyone else. Jeepers, I have a secret penchant for Chef Boyardee's Beef-a-Roni (which amuses my husband no end), so who am I to take on airs! :D I was simply puzzled at your expressed distaste for poached eggs, since you and I are in complete agreement regarding cooked-white, runny-yolk, and if the poached egg in question meets those criteria, it just tastes like an over-medium or a properly soft-boiled egg to me...the butter for the poached being provided by the hollandaise, and for the soft boiled, by the toast I eat it on. But, it may well be that you taste something I do not, or perhaps the texture difference turns you off. As you say, it would be boring if everyone had the same tastes...there would be more competition for favorite foods as well! :D By the way, there are many things that I'm lukewarm on that I could eat with pleasure if they were smothered in hollandaise....mmmmm!...See MoreFruit Cake - DH is a fan
Comments (16)This is a classic British recipe I've used for years. DH is a big fruit cake fan (me, not so much, or at all, even) so I make this once a year. It keeps well and you don't eat a big slice so it lasts well too. This makes a fairly large, dark cake (10" square) but it keeps for months. You could also cut it down or bake it in smaller tins. Cher's Christmas Cake Recipe 2lb currants 12 oz white raisins 12 oz dark raisins 4 oz candied cherries, quartered 6 tablespoons brandy (I use Irish whiskey as that's DH's tipple) 1lb all purpose flour 1/2 tsp freshly grated nutmeg 1 tsp mixed spice (you could sub pumpkin pie spice if you wanted, I think) 1lb butter 1 lb soft dark brown sugar 8 eggs 4 oz blanched almonds, chopped 1 1/2 tablespoons black treacle/dark molasses grated rind of 2 lemons grated rind of 2 oranges Baking time 4-5 1/2 hours approx The night before: Place dried and candied fruit and grated rinds into a bowl with the alcohol and cover. Leave overnight. On the day: Line a 10" square 3" deep pan with 2-3 layers of paper and grease well. Preheat oven to 275F. Sift together the flout and spices. Cream the butter and sugat until light and fluffy. Beat eggs and add to the creamed mixture a little at a time, adding a little flour if it looks like curdling. Gently fold in the flour then stir in the soaked fruit and the nuts. Spoon the mixture into the prepared tin and spread the top smooth with the back of a spoon. You can decorate this with a pattern of blanched almonds laid very lightly over the top, if you're not icing the cake (if you were you would use royal icing, or fondant). Cut a square of greased paper to cover the top, with a hole about the size of a walnut in the centre to let the steam out. Place in the oven to bake. Do not peek for at least 4 hours or it may fall in the middle. When it is fully bakes, remove the cake from the oven and let it get cold in the tin. When it is cold, remove the cake from the tin and place in an airtight storage container. You can "feed" the fruit cake with more alcohol ever two or three days, sprinkling a few teaspoons over the cake for about three weeks. I admit I tend to be a bit heavy handed with the extra alcohol, even though we're not big drinkers :-) Enjoy!...See MoreAnyone have a delicious chocolate cake with chocolate icing recipe?
Comments (55)An update on my chocolate cake and chocolate frosting. I used the Ghiradelli Double chocolate cake mix and the same brand for the icing. I added an extra egg, butter instead of oil and milk instead of water. Thanks Tina and Mtn! The cake turned out amazing and my friend loved it. I actually thought it was delicious as well (given I am not a big fan of chocolate). I have never made chocolate frosting before. I used loads of butter, half and half, cocoa powder and confectioner's sugar and vanilla extract. It turned out perfectly. My friend loved the cake and took it home. I would share a photo but it wasn't a pretty cake. I did a bit of decorating in the limited time I had (and I live in a small apartment) and made her wear this banner which she loved. We drank champagne and played some silly games and we had a blast. It is so wonderful when you and your best friend get together and it feels like you had a huge party! Thanks so much for everyone's input!...See More- 9 years ago
- 9 years agolast modified: 9 years ago
- 9 years agolast modified: 9 years ago
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