Wheat berries different varieties of wheat -- updated with question
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Grinding your own wheat
Comments (76)My friend brought 4 bushels of wheat back from "Out West". The deal is I get 3 bushels free but I mill the fourth bushel for him. This is the first wheat I have milled with the second hand Retsel Mil-Master I had bought. It does an excellent job of milling the wheat. It comes out just as fine as store bought. The flour is slightly warm but not even close to being hot. It is really quiet too. I am making bread using half bread flour and half whole wheat. I want to make it with 100% whole wheat flour without adding vital glutton. Does anyone have a recipe like that for bread, pizza dough, pasta and others?...See MoreDo you bake with wheat berries?
Comments (14)I agree with soonergrandmom, I'd start with a 50/50 wheat/white flour mix and go up from there. And, as she mentioned, be careful about your hydration, because the whole grain breads need ore moisture than the traditional white loaf. I also like molasses with wheat breds, or honey. I've used brown sugar, but I like molasses better. I've found wheat berries by Bob's Red Mill at Whole Foods and my local Meijer. Meijer doesn't have it all the time, but anywhere that has Bob's Red Mill might have them, and I know they are available on-line if you want a smaller amount than 50 or 100 pounds. You can get organic wheatberries here, along with other grains: http://www.organicwheatproducts.com/?page_id=70 This is a very nice cracked wheat loaf from Rose Levy Beranbaum, it's not as involved as it looks. I use half whole wheat flour and I don't butter the top, I like the crunchier crust. I don't usually bake in a loaf pan, either, it makes a nice rustic round loaf. Cracked Wheat Loaf Recipe from The Bread Bible Dough Starter (Sponge) 1/2 cup (2.75oz) bread flour 1/2 cup (2.5oz) whole wheat flour 3/4 tsp instant yeast 1/2 tbsp sugar 1 tbsp nonfat dry milk 1 tbsp honey 1 cup plus 2 tbsp (9.3oz) room temperature water Flour Mixture 2 cups (11oz) bread flour 1/2 tbsp sugar 1/4 tsp instant yeast Finishing Ingredients 1/2 cup (3oz) extra coarse bulgur 1/2-2/3 cup (4-5.5ox) boiling water 1 tbsp vegetable oil 1 3/4 tsp salt 1 tbsp melted butter Make the Sponge: In a medium bowl combine the sponge ingredients and whisk until very smooth, about 2 minutes. Scrape down the sides of the bowl and cover it with plastic wrap. Combine Flour Mixture: In another medium bowl, whisk together the flour mixture ingredients. Sprinkle on top of the sponge to cover it completely. DO NOT MIX TOGETHER. Cover tightly with plastic wrap and allow it to ferment for 1-4 hours at room temperature. The sponge will bubble through the mixture, that�fs ok, and it�fs also kind of cool to see. At this point, if you are using bulgur, place in a small bowl and pour the boiling water over it. Cover with plastic wrap and allow to sit in the water until all the water is absorbed, about 1 hour, then refrigerate until ready to use. With your stand mixer, add the bulgur and the oil to the bowl and then add the dough and starter. Mix with the dough hook on low speed for about 1 minute, until the flour is moistened enough to form a rough dough. Cover with plastic wrap and allow the dough to rest for 20 minutes. Sprinkle on the salt and knead the dough on medium speed for 10 minutes. The dough should be very elastic and jump back when pressed with a fingertip, but still slightly moist. Using an oiled spatula or dough scraper, scrape the dough into a 2-qt greased container. Lightly spray or oil the top of the dough. Cover with lid or plastic wrap and let it rise until doubled in size. After it has risen, scrape the dough onto a floured surface and press down gently to form a rectangle. Give it a business letter turn, round the edges and return to the container. Oil the surface again, cover, and rise until doubled. The book says about 45 minutes to an hour, but again, it took longer for me. Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface and shape into a loaf. Place into oiled loaf pan. Cover loosely with oiled plastic wrap and let it rise until the center is about 1.25�� higher than the pan. Preheat the oven to 350 degrees one hour before baking. Place oven rack at the lowest shelf and place baking stone on top. Place a sheet pan on the floor of the oven and make sure you have some ice cubes handy. Once the dough has risen, brush the top with the melted butter, then cut a 1/2�� deep slash down the middle of the dough. Quickly set the loaf pan on the baking stone. Take a 1/2 cup of ice cubes and quickly throw them onto the sheet pan (this helps the bread keep moisture). Bake for 45-55 minutes, until golden brown. If you want to be technical then an instant read thermometer should read 190 degrees. Remove pan from oven, remove bread from pan and set on wire rack. Brush with remaining melted butter. Let it cool before eating. Annie...See Morehoney wheat bread question
Comments (5)Honey isn't necessarily there for the flavor but because it adds moistness and has natural preservative qualities. Yeast likes honey especially well. To answer the other question, rapid-rise yeast is an entirely different strain. It produces more CO2 and works faster but also dies faster. With rapid-rise yeast you don't get the full development of flavor (It doesn't release alcohols or water-soluble elements in the flour as well.) and the crumb is coarser. Rapid-rise yeast is the desperation yeast, good for baking under the gun. Carol...See MoreWhole Wheat Pastry Flour Question
Comments (16)--Whole wheat pastry flour is milled from low-gluten, low-protein, soft wheat varieties. I use soft white wheat for pastry flour, or anywhere I don't need a lot of gluten development. Spelt is another good wholegrain choice when you don't need a lot of gluten development. Spelt has a gluten level that is 5,000 parts per million; compared to wheat which begins at 50,000 parts per million and go up from there. --Technically, "all-purpose" flour was developed commercially for bleached/unbleached flour from a mixture of hard wheat and soft wheat. There's enough hard wheat so it has enough gluten to make yeast breads, and enough soft wheat flour so it makes decent quick breads, pastry or cakes - so it covers "all purposes", but it's NOT the optimum choice of flour for most things, other than soft dinner rolls. We've just developed our flour use from the most common commercial flour available - all-purpose - with occasional moves to Southern all-purpose for biscuits and quick breads, and the even more elusive cake flour for beautiful tender cakes. Even in the world of commercial bleached/unbleached all-purpose flour there are great differences... Northern all-purpose flour (King Arthur and Robin Hood - 11-12) have a higher protein level than National Brands (Gold Medal and Pillsbury 10-12). Southern all-purpose flour (7.5-9.5) is milled from soft wheat, so it's best used for quick breads, biscuits, muffins, pastry, cookies, cakes - foods where you don't want a lot of gluten development. A mix of 3:2 hard wheat to soft white wheat is a great "all-purpose" mixture when you want soft yeast rolls. Otherwise, choosing a mix of hard wheat and soft wheat is less than optimum for other baked goods. --Whole wheat "bread" flour would mean a high protein level milled from hard wheat. Bleached/Unbleached bread flour has a protein level of 13-14. I've milled wheat that was 16% protein and made yeast bread with it, but it takes a lot more kneading to develop the gluten and you find you have tough bread as a result of the high protein level. This also happens when you add too much vital wheat gluten to a recipe, so more (protein/gluten) is not necessarily better. The protein levels of wheat I purchase is generally between 13% and 14% protein, which is more than enough to raise a lofty loaf of bread. If you tend to get short squatty loaves of 100% whole wheat bread, there are other factors you need to address besides protein/gluten levels - such as stop using a (quick mix) direct dough method and switch to a sponge method. A sponge will help soften the bran - the sharp edges of bran can cut the gluten strands. A sponge method also helps develop the gluten without kneading. Adding an acid ingredient (vinegar, lemon juice, ascorbic acid, etc) to the recipe has a positive effect. There is a substance in wheat germ called Gluthione which breaks down the gluten strands. Adding an acid, such as ascorbic acid, counteracts the negative effects of Glutathione. Ascorbic acid helps to prevent the gluten bonds from breaking down and will repair the gluten bonds, so you'll get a high-rising loaf of 100% whole wheat bread. I generally add 1/8 t. ascorbic acid per loaf of bread when making bread that includes wheatgerm (as a single ingredient or from whole wheat flour). -Something we tend to forget, or possibly didn't even know, hard wheat wasn't even available for milling until the late 1870's when the German Mennonites arrived here in Kansas and brought the granddad of all hard winter wheat varieties, Turkey Red, with them from Europe. Prior to the developing of the hard winter varieties of wheat, all flour was milled from soft wheat. The mills liked soft wheat for milling into flour because it was easy to grind in one pass through the mill, and had a much larger extraction of flour. Soft wheat tends to be a plumper seed with more endosperm, while hard winter wheat is small and rather wrinkled with more bran and less endosperm. You can tell the difference between hard and soft wheat when you mill it at home - the hard wheat flour is more coarse and gritty from the bran, while soft wheat renders a very soft, talcum powder feeling flour. --"Bread flour" or high protein flour milled from hard wheat, was available to commercial bakers and they referenced it by calling it "strong" wheat flour. Strong and weak wheats indicate a wheat or flour's baking strength. It wasn't until the advent of the bread machine in the 1980's that high-gluten bread flour became available for home use. Up until that time all-purpose flour, which is a medium-protein level flour, was about the only kind of flour available for home use. If "whole wheat bread flour" is called for, it means use a "regular" whole wheat flour which is milled from hard wheat, instead of "pastry" whole wheat flour, which is milled from soft wheat. -Grainlady...See More- last year
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