I don't normally like this look, only because I think in ten years it's going to be really easy to date a kitchen from about 2003 to 2010 by the colored island contrasting the cabs.....but in a period home I feel totally different about it, especially for islands because they didn't exist when the home was built. In a local home here (about 1870) they have done three different paint colors on their cabs in milk paint, and it has a very unfitted look for a basically fitted kitchen because they have used multiple cabinet styles. The main style is a simple shaker but mixed in are a couple of hutch looking areas done in fancier cabs so they look like they migrated to the kitchen over time (both are different) then there is their fabulous island which they did in quarter sawn oak, built in a mission style like a large bureau. It workls perfectly to enhance the feel of their period home, which they are restoring very true to it's original feel. The hutch cabs have reclaimed marble tops from other pieces long gone and they are about an inch below the main counter. The other counters are wood aside from the zinc in the butlers pantry and the island is soapstone. I love the way they were inspired by a period look but made it functional and expect to be doing something similar in my 1889 home. I'm expecting to paint one island and do the other in wood to resemble an old store counter (likely in oak) but will be doing the sink in a different style with distressed paint (to look like a dry sink) and the hutch will be in antique pine. It sounds busy if you think of your kitchen in a 2000 way, but in a turn of the previous century way that's exactly what a kitchen looked like. So my vote is...yes to the painted island, but if you really want to enhance the period feel consider changing a few more things and maybe add another color in as well. :).

Just my thoughts...before I comment, I always do a quick check of the OP's profile to see if they are a newbie, basing my evaluation on how many ideabooks and comments they have. If they are a newbie, I never assume the OP knows how to best post the question in this forum. It also guides how I respond. Everyone was a newbie at one time. As Stephen Covey says, "Seek first to understand, then to be understood." :-)

BeverlyFLADeziner, I think that is lovely! Taking my Brazilian cherry floors into account, a darkish gray island and the Dove White cabinets, what color countertop would look good? Dark? Light? Medium? Should the countertop on the island be the same as the surrounding countertops?

I also think black would be too contrasting. I’d keep it more tone-on-tone overall if Japandi is what you like. Here is some inspiration for you. https://superfront.com/global/inspiration/wood-collection