Your pictures don't enlarge so tough to see the area. You really seem to need more storage so pictures of the entire kitchen would be helpful

@jck910 I updated the photos with larger ones and more views.

Yes and now most are sideways. The best way to get help is a to scale floor plan showing all windows doorways and anything staying where it is. BTW how many concrete counters have you done , it is a lot more complicated than you think to get it right . I would suggest you look at laminate that looks like concrete or quartz that also has the look.

You have a difficult space that appears to have a lot of functional challenges. I wouldn't recommend you re-do your countertops, they look fine. What you need is storage. I'd pull out the desk and put a full height storage cabinet there. I don't think it needs to be a "kitchen" cabinet. I think an ikea pax wardrobe cabinet with pull out shelves and drawers would likely work really well in that spot and come in at a great price point for you. It would be about the same depth as the desk and you could trim it out around the bottom to cover any problems with the floor. I'd consider the same type of tall cabinet for where you currently have the wire shelving. Pax comes in a shallow model as well and comes in 20, 30, or 40 inch wide varieties. Other ikea cabinet or storage options may work for you as well. Live with the after-market mix-match for a while until you've saved the money to do a full gut. I wouldn't put real investment into the floor plan that you have now.

@Patricia Colwell Consulting I’ve done zero concrete countertops but I am very handy and build most everything in our home. My plan was that it needs to be build it in sections anyways and I have several small sections I could try first before taking on the larger pieces. You have to do it once in order to be able to say youve done it many times.

@Muriel Thompson the one Reason I’m worried about turning that desk into a cabinet is that I feel like it will be much more claustrophobic.

Tall cabinetry would serve you better than an unused desk with Rubbermaid shelves underneath it. There's nothing visually appealing about the desk, and concerns of claustrophobia in a room with multiple windows and doors seems misplaced. You need storage more than you need open space.

I guess maybe my question was not clear. I’m not soo worried about the other areas of the kitchen at this point. The desk is a different “issue” I‘m not interested in solving right now. The root of my question was how to better utilize the area by our sliding glass door. The cantilevered countertop seems just as useless as the desk and I’d like to find possible solutions for filling in the area under it.

I'm guessing this kitchen was a re-do, and that originally that was a breakfast area. Would that be of use to you? If not, then I would develop a master plan for your kitchen, rather than attacking it piecemeal.

For example, are your soffits empty? If so, then removing them and installing taller upper cabinets would give you more storage. Another idea would be to move the dining room door so you can have a longer run of cabinets.

What is to the right of the basement door? A full height pantry with pullout shelves would provide storage. In any case, a kitchen designer could help you create a plan toward which you could work.