Don't have a cat, so I can't comment much on the 'poison status', but I can give a shot at some IDs.

1. Echeveria. I am familiar with this one, but I forgot the name!
2. Crassula, don't know the species.
3. Sedum or Graptopetalum?
4. Senecio?

Most of the problems you commented on are being cause by low light. Leaf color changes, sizes, etc. A small lamp will go a long way. No need to get special bulbs, just 100 watt, 6500K CFL bulbs will work.

I raise Bengals and have about 2 dozen kittens a year. I use a squirt bottle, they learn quick, can over do it and it can become a game for them. I'll have an adult chew on a Spider plant or steal a air plant and play with it. Worst that my cats have had is light diarrhea.

If you are going to buy a light a t5ho is the best way to go, very little heat and power consumption. Plants grow like nearly full sun.

4. is a Cotyledon orbiculata, thats poisonous for sure to cats. It needs a lot more sun to be healthy.

Congratulations on the feline addition to your family and wanting to keep kitty safe.

Not that it will be easy, but suggest keeping kitty and plants apart.

Good luck.

There has been no research to determine what houseplants are and are not toxic to cats. All we know about are the ones that have poisoned enough cats to be identified by a large number of vets who have reported them. Most of the time, there just isn't a way to know why a cat develops liver failure, or kidney disease, or pancreatitis, or blindness, etc.. Most toxins don't cause sudden and obvious signs like seizures and other neurological signs, vomiting, bleeding from the mouth or nose, etc.

In light of that fact, it isn't safe to presume any houseplant is safe. Squirt bottles only work if you see it happening, and if the cat doesn't learn that you control the squirt bottle, and to do it behind your back.

Treating all plants with a bitter apple or bitter lime spray like "Fooey" will prevent the cat from developing a taste for plants, or a habit of chewing them, and will keep most cats out of trouble. You need to do it early, BEFORE the habit develops. if you wait until the cat chews, it's much harder to break the habit, and the damage might be done already. You want that very first bite to really taste horrible.