I wish I could remember the ages but I can't. This is a fun experiment and was never meant to be rigorous. I have far too much else to keep better track of. I have at least kept track of parantage by markings though. I would say age to first fruiting from seeds was at least five years and probably a few more what with their generally unhappy growth in 10 gallon pots. I have had every malady mentioned above and more. Out of desperation I even tried commercial michorrhiza bactria and (without wanting to restart the heated debate) did see some improvement in many plants a number of months later. It could as easily have been the pine-bark-based soil mixture finally leaching or decomposing to a state the pawpaw roots were happier in, or the other experimental changes in nutrition (too many to mention here). I do think they are happier with alfalfa meal as fertilizer compared to other artificial and organic fertilizer, specifically cotton seed meal. Very small occasional applications of ammonium sulfate do seem to help general yellowing in the leaves of most plants, but confoundingly others standing just aside got much worse. I am reduced to overplanting and ruthless culling, and as someone mentioned above, the problems may not arrive for years. Pawpaws here are exasperating to grow. Still, if you like them as I do it is worth it.

Perhaps Abutilon theophrasti, velvetleaf? Here is a link that might be useful: Link to info

Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Good name for it, don't you think?

I think most of those mentioned could probably hold their own with the violets, especially if they are good sized transplants. Don't think I'd put in any mini hostas though.