Kendra, I used to cut crescent entrances into my natural gourds. These were afull 3 inches wide across the bottom and they are 1 and 3\16 tall(1.188 to be exact) Well I noticed through binoculars while watching my martins enter these that they needed nowhere near the full 3 inches wide. The original crescent was developed by a guy in Florida to stop starlings and it works pretty good but starlings have been known to get through it especially when folks add porches outside for them to land on. This helps the starlings because it allows them to use their big ol' chicken legs to help push their way through. The original crescent is shaped just like a crescent moon kendra but as you can see mine is not. Once I started cutting down on the width and slightly raising the height from 1.188 to 1.205(closer to 1 and 7\32)I began to notice that the martins had a super easy time getting inside with or without a porch like in the video. At the same time the murdering starlings were having more trouble and believe me Kendra the starlings cannot(will not)get into this entrance and even porchless like this as you can see is easy as pie for the martins!! This entrance plate is available through S&K Manufacturing and my entrance is now incorporated into a new line of plastic gourds for martins also made by S&K. They are called the BO-11 and the BO-9 gourds and my entrance is called the clinger entrance but in these new gourds it is porched. Most folks like to see the martins hanging out on the porches is why but as you can see here the martins don't really need that porch as long as they have a place to prop their tail like on this natural gourd of mine. Now..Once I finally settled on the size the clinger entrance is today I tested it very thoroughly on all sizes of Purple Martins that nested here at my 120 plus pair colony. At the same time I tested it on all Starlings I caught in my Controller starling trap that is mounted next to a big tree about 180 feet from my martin gourd racks. See martins don't like their house\gourds near trees and that is how you keep from trapping the martins with a controller trap. Starlings on the other hand like a house near a tree and the tree branches nearly touch the side of my trap. I have never seen a martin land on it kendra but it is a starling's undoing. They simply have to check it out and once they enter the big ol' inviting 2 inch round hole it is the last hole they ever enter. This trap I have had now for 10 years has helped the native birds re-cover here. When I first moved here Starlings and House Sparrows creaked and cheeped everywhere around my place. The Bluebirds were few..the Red Headed Woodpeckers were nonexistent and the few martins I strted out with were in constant battles with both these foreign birds to survive. Well it is not that way anymore thnaks to the Spare-o-Door trap,my Controller trap,and now this cool entrance. There is a fine line between the largest male Purple Martin(they tend to be slightly larger than females)and the smallest female starling. That is the zone you must exploit in order to allow easy martin entry by all sizes of martins(male and female) yet stop even the smallest female starling and my clinger entrance does that so effectively and I can watch the martins do this and smile all day long because I know they are protected fully from their number one enemy..the European Starling. I hope that someday round holes for martins will be a thing of the past and just as the 1 and 1\2 entrance hole has saved the bluebirds from the starlings I want to see the clinger entrance do the same for the Purple Martins. It works so sweet kendra and all as you can see in the video. No starling that I have ever watched try to enter this has been able to. The fear of entrapment is created and they simply cannot get their ugly fat bellies inside because of the width at 2 and 5\16. It does not allow them the room to flatten out and squeeze in and it is so funny watching them try. They get up to their shoulders and then their chicken like big feet and legs end it for them. Martins are streamilned birds that are designed to zoom through the air after insects and they have small feet and legs designed for perching not walking. Because of this they simply land,tuck,and BINGO they are in!! I love it so much! By the way Kendra..I had 3 starlings in my trap the last two days as they are seeking nest sites now that spring is here in western Ky. Not one of them could come close to getting out of the clinger entrance I have mounted on the side of the holding cage of my trap. Not one. Now if this entrance will stop a trapped starling from exiting it is all the starling resistent entrance you will ever need for martins or bluebirds for that matter. I have some of these clinger entrances on my BB Boxes on my Bluebird trail and they work fine. Now if only we could find a way to make an entrance to keep House Sparrows out but unfortunately they are smaller than bluebirds or martins. Shame and thank you for the compliment on my entrance kendra..I am so proud of it and what it is starting to do for the Purple Martins in this country. They are worth protecting and my few years of designing,testing,and perfecting this cool entrance shape are paying off for the most beautiful swallow in the world. The All American God Among birds..the Amazing,Fast Flying,Rocket Diving Purple Martin!! Love them so much...Mike

Indulge me folks; this one's going to be long. I'm going to answer the questions 'cause I just luuuuve talking about my Purple Martins. I love all birds, of course, but these guys are my main focus for the couple of months they're here. SheilaJoyce ~ There is a double pulley system on top of the 14' tall pole. The white rope runs around one pulley and attaches to the top of the lead weights inside the pole. The rope also runs inside the hub (the square black/white box that holds all the arms) and down to the ground. (It's called the EZ Lift system; you can email me for more info.) When the rack (hub plus arms) is "up" I can pull on the white rope (without much force) and the rack glides down the pole until the gourds are at my chest level. I can then check and maintain the nests without risking harm to the eggs or chicks and without have to use a step ladder. Pulling on the black rope raises the hub back to the pole top and adjusts the orientation of the gourds. They have to always be pointing the same direction. Decoys are used when trying to lure in a PMs to a new site. I have several but I only had to use them the first season here. People can check the PMCA site to learn when the martins' migration is expected in their area. Prepare the houses/gourds, etc. and set out the decoys before that date. I also play a CD of PM "Daytime Chatter." It makes the site look and sound occupied to overhead PMs. Sometimes they're so far away and/or so high you might now see/hear them, but they'll see/hear the site. People attract colonies all the time without decoys but it just gives you that little edge. I've loaned my CD and decoys out to three newbie "landlords" to help them start their colonies. I left this one decoy up to help confuse the hawks. Hawks are a native bird, also protected by the migratory bird laws, but they can wreck havoc on a colony. Many times, if a site it attacked by hawks, and they lose many chicks, the PMs will not return to that site the next year. PMs also leave the colony for hours at a time to hunt their flying insects. That's when the chicks are in the most danger from hawk attacks. I've seen a sharp-shinned hawk attack the decoy. Slammed right into it, knocked himself sideways, and then flew off to a tree. After smoothing out his feathers, and his pride, he left for feathery pastures. He now thinks the birds at this site are indestructible. The decoy survived! LOL McMann Aren't all the native birds wonderful! You don't have to do anything to enjoy them. Putting out seed, or suet, or nectar, is a great way to lure them in for easier viewing. Offering a birdbath that is kept filled with clean fresh water is another very low stress way to help the birds, and little critters, and bring them in closer so you can hear and see them. I've lived in places where all I could offer the birds was water. Even then I had more varieties around me than I could have imagined. I became interested in the Purple Martins, and Blue Birds, when I was reading about how close they came to extinction. The blue birds even more so than the Purple Martins. Both species have suffered loss of habitat and predation by the two non-native birds that are increasing to the point of wiping out the native cavity nesters...that would be the European Starling and European House Sparrow. I've been blessed with good luck with the PMs. Except for my first season (2003) I've had large clutches of eggs and a nearly a 100% fledge rate. (A bird is a successful fledge once it survives to the right age to leave the nest, and does so, under it's own power.) I learned about the PMCA and started reading, and studying, and saving my money to purchase a gourd rack. I joined two private PM forums filled with experienced landlords that offer so much encouragement and decades of experience of what does, and doesn't, work. Like me, they're all striving for larger percentages of fledged PMs. I've also put up blue bird houses, but they're "trickier" than the PMs, at least for me. I'm still trying; one of my friends joined in the BB quest. She now hosts two or three pairs, who raise two and three clutches, every year. And she lives in a 300 home suburb with a tiny yard! I'm so proud of her. She does have the houses in the right sites; she controls EUST and EUHS, and offers water for the BBs. Leslie I love your site, and aren't your pinkies a beautiful sight! I love the photos you sent, too! There are two camps in the PM world, LOL. Those that do use Sevin, and those that don't. I use it. I use it at least three time in the season and then again if I see even one mite. It's all a numbers game. Get the adults healthy and safe and let them produce every egg and raise every chick that's possible. Mites kill birds. They weaken the adults so they can't hunt as efficiently to feed the chicks. They cause anemia and blood loss to the chicks. They cause chicks to jump out of the nest before they can fly. They kill chicks. So, when I make the pre-nests, before the martins arrive, I sprinkle a scant teaspoon of Sevin on top of each nest. The new birds arrive, go in the gourd, scuttle around, and any mites they picked up along the route are dead. I do a nest change when the chicks are around 10 days old and again when they are 18 days old. (Don't open a nest after the oldest chick reaches Day 18 though or you may cause premature fledging. The chicks will most likely die.) Take out the chicks, remove all the old nasty nests, add new cedar shavings, mix in a teaspoon of Sevin, ( I mix this in good so the chicks aren't in just one concentrated area of Sevin) replace the chicks and raise the gourds. No, this doesn't bother the adults at all. Some of them sit on the perching arms, a couple feet from my head while I do it. Others zoom around and "flog" me. They have imprinted on humans since before the time of Columbus when the east coast native Americans set gourds up on poles around their camps and villages to attract the birds. I've had females that won't leave the gourd even when I'm checking the nests and counting eggs/chicks. Since you're using box type houses, and probably don't have the volume of nesting material I use, I'd say 1/2 to 3/4 teaspoon of Sevin would do the trick. It's up to you. I've had mites in only one gourd for the all the time I'm managed the PMs. When mites get in one gourd, they can't move out and along the metal arms to the next gourd. In most houses, they can crawl from nest to nest quickly and easily. It's very important to keep a close eye out for mites if you're offering apartment type housing. If you don't want to use Sevin you should still do the nest changes. This gets rid of most of the mites. You might want to do nest changes more often if you're not using Sevin. Granlan Thanks; you're kind. This has been the Little House of Horrors and The Money Pit combined. If we're ever finished, and if my health improves, I'm hoping for "cute" and "serviceable." I'm learning a lot as we slowly muddle through all the fixes. The front of the house, and the front yard, are totally flat and boring. The house borders on "ugly." Heck, it might be firmly imbedded there. But it does host my PMs and scores of other birds in the feeder tree. I am thankful to have a place to live and enjoy my birding. Connie I know they're in your area. I'm in touch with PM "Landlords" all over the country. I'll try to locate some closer to you if you want to check out their sites. Most of us are so happy to show our birds off to others. I meet people all PM season long, looking at and asking questions about the gourds and birds. MaryAnnTX Texas is a PM Paradise. Your birds will arrive, nest, fledge, and start the migration back to Brazil before my eggs have hatched. I find it amazing. Someone told me the PMs seem to be a lot of "work." They're really not, and it is a labor of love. I do remove, empty, and clean, and store all the gourds in September, after the last of the Canadian PMs migrate through. I want them to see my site, too! I have to make the pre-nests and rehang them in April. That's the two biggest chores. I do two or three at a time, as time and health permit. I do a daily walk-around, checking the ground under the gourds for any signs of hawk or owl attacks. I also fill my feeders and bird bath while the colony is "in" so they get use to seeing me. Nest checks take less than 30 seconds per gourd; nest changes take a couple minutes, tops, per gourd. The rest of the time is just enjoying, watching, listening, observing.

Lily, every one that enjoys any species of birds is lucky, too! I am very proud of my little PM colony though. I don't know where they're nesting, but I have a pair of catbirds that visit my nectar feeder every day. Yes; they have a sweet tooth hidden in that sharp little beak! I use an older style Opus nectar/"oriole" feeder. It has rubber plugs that function as bee guards. I took two of them off and was surprised at all the other birds that love sugar water when they can get too it. I've seen chickadees, house finches, purple finches, Hairy and Downey woodpeckers, and hummingbirds all using it, along with the expected orioles. Of course, I don't have a photo of the catbird on it, but this is the nectar feeder all the yard birds enjoy.

Sjerin, I try to have all the gourds hung by April 15; the birds usually arrive around or after the 23rd. I make pre-nests with cedar shavings and a light sprinkling of Sevin dust. That gets rid of any parasites they may have on them when they arrive. I close off all the entry holes with duct tape and do not open them until the PMs arrive. The biggest danger to the PMs, Tree Swallows (TS), Chickadees, Bluebirds (BB), Nuthatches, Woodpeckers - and all cavity nesters - is the non-native English House Sparrows and European Starlings. Thankfully the starlings nest (somewhere else) before the PMs arrive and have never shown interest in my gourds. I do have a starling nest box trap, just in case. In 13 years I've trapped exactly two starlings, and they were when we lived on the base. I do not allow English House Sparrows (HOSP) to nest anywhere near my birds. I trap - it is legal - year round. Because of this diligence I have very high fledge stats and seldom see a HOSP. Tree Swallows would like to nest in the gourds, but they are not colony birds. One pair of TSs would claim all 15 gourds and not let another bird near them. They are also a protected native species, but their habits are easy to control and turn around to the PMs advantage. I set a Tree Swallow/Bluebird box 35 ft. from the PM rack. The TSs take to it and don't look at the PM gourds again. Since 35' is well within the range they protect from other TSs, they will not let another TS anywhere near the PMs. It's called the TS/BB/PM protocol. You can have all three species nesting in a 100' area; and not threatening one another simply by setting two BB boxes on either side of the PM pole, one 35' away and one 50' away in the opposite direction. I've never been lucky enough to attract a pair of Bluebirds, but "someday!" I always have a pair of TSs in the box, and sometimes a pair of chickadees! Fun2BHere - Some of the gourds do not have porches because I've not been able to get them all installed yet! LOL I hope to play "catch up" this winter and get more of the gourds, and some of my natural gourds (their favorites!) modified and more porches added. The birds love the porches; those gourds are the first claimed and the most vigorously protected. The ones lifting their wings are cleaning their feathers. They are rather ragged by the time all the young fledge. If you see them twisting their heads all around and into weird contortions, they are exposing the skin to the sun so any mites will crawl down to the chests or wings so they can groom them off. I use Sevin to control the mites in the nests, but they still pick them up. It's just part of bird life. I can't lower the rack anymore now until all the chicks fledge so they are on their own.