I really should take the high road. I should. I personally hate the company, but the product is useful. A perfect world it is not. Since everyone else seems averse to actually posting links I will do a few for those interested in the toxicology of Round Up. You will see wild claims but rarely in a scientific white paper by a credentialed professional in the matter. I personally fight for organics and sustainability. I purchase organic food when I can't grow enough of my own, I don't buy or eat feed lot beef etc. Here are some great links First I like Wiki- Sources are noted, and where they are not noted for statements you will seethe (citations needed) instead of the resource number. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphosate http://sandwalk.blogspot.com/2007/03/roundup-is-safe.html "TOXICITY REVIEW Acute (Mammalian) Glyphosate has reported oral LD5Os of 4,320 and 5,600 mg/kg in male and female rats (15,4). The oral LD5Os of the two major glyphosate products Rodeo and Roundup are 5,000 and 5,400 mg/kg in the rat (15). A dermal LD5O of 7,940 mg/kg has been determined in rabbits (15,4). There are reports of mild dermal irritation in rabbits (6), moderate eye irritation in rabbits (7), and possible phototoxicity in humans (9). The product involved in the phototoxicity study was Tumbleweed marketed by Murphys Limited UK (9). Maibach (1986) investigated the irritant and the photo irritant responses in individuals exposed to Roundup (41% glyphosate, water, and surfactant); Pinesol liquid, Johnson Baby Shampoo, and Ivory Liquid dishwashing detergent. The conclusion drawn was that glyphosate has less irritant potential than the Pinesol or the Ivory dishwashing liquid (120). Metabolism Elimination of glyphosate is rapid and very little of the material is metabolized (6,106). Subchronic/Chronic Studies (Mammalian) In subchronic tests, glyphosate was administered in the diet to dogs and rats at 200, 600, and 2,000 ppm for 90 days. A variety of toxicological endpoints were evaluated with no significant abnormalities reported (15,10). In other subchronic tests, rats received 0, 1,000, 5,000, or 20,000 ppm (57, 286, 1143 mg/kg) in the diet for 3 months. The no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 20,000 ppm (1,143 mg/kg) (115). In the one year oral dog study, dogs received 20, 100, and 500 mg/kg/day. The no observable effect level (NOEL) was 500 mg/kg (116)." http://www.pan-uk.org/pestnews/actives/glyphosa.htm The theme here is. Don't ingest it. (would you ingest fish fertilizer? I got food poisoning from it once as a kid because I didn't wash my hands after handling...not pleasant) Again Don't drink it, don't spray it in your eyes, don't Walk around barefoot while it is wet or spray it on your skin. The best method is in a pump up sprayer on a calm day to minimize drift. I adjust the nozzle for a course spray, not atomizing the fluid like I would for foliar feeding. This prevents drift and forces the fluid to go on the target and not into the air where you can breath it, get it into your eyes or on your skin or have unintentional drift. Care when applying is all that is needed. Once the treatment area is dry it is safe to enter and work around. My occupation is a Safety Professional. By reviewing the MSDS if I was to have an employee applying this material for me I would require long pants and shoes and Rubber or other light chemical resistant gloves and goggles while pouring or transferring it but not necessarily for the application.. The reason I would recommend this is that is the recommendation of the msds http://www.kellysolutions.com/erenewals/documentsubmit/KellyData%5CNC%5Cpesticide%5CMSDS%5C74530%5C74530-4%5C74530-4_GLYPHOSATE_41__11_30_2006_4_57_38_PM.pdf And the fully formulated MSDS http://www.mindfully.org/Pesticide/Monsanto-Roundup-MSDS-Docs7017.htm Recognizing, controlling protecting from and eliminating hazards are what I do for a living. I would follow the manufacturers instructions and recommend anyone do the same. To put this into perspective you will be exposed to between 100 and 200 PPM of benzene the next time you fill your fuel tank at the self service pump. If you can smell gas, you are being exposed. The Occupational action level where mitigation is required is 1 PPM. A person can apply round up and not be exposed to any substances listed as hazardous with a Threshold limit value by the American council if industrial hygienist or a Permissible exposure limit by OSHA. Get this. Alaska fish fertilizer has phosphoric acid that does have a PEL and TLV. http://www.growercentral.com/UPLOADS/PDFS/alaska%20fish%20fertilizer%205-1-1%20msds%20(02-05).pdf EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Potential Health Effects: Primary Entry Routes: Eyes, skin, ingestion. Target Organs: Eyes, skin, gastrointestinal tract. Acute Effects: Eye: May cause irritation, redness and/or burning. Skin: May cause irritation, redness and/or burning. Ingestion: May be harmful if swallowed. May cause abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea. Medical Conditions Aggravated by Long-Term Exposure: Persons with existing skin lesions should exercise caution when using or handling this product. Chronic Effects: Prolonged skin contact may cause dermatitis. I am not going to quit using Alaska Fish fertilizer either nor am I giving up fueling my vehicles. I would post opposing views but the first one I opened Had a Trojan horse so if you are going to be searching for counterpoints do not open The link from naturescountrystore.com!!! It's infected with a trojan horse.

"who is wondering what this weed could be" It sounds like nutsedge, which is a living nightmare to get rid of. Fortunately, it's not an unattractive weed and I remove it only to keep it from taking over. There's a great photo on the attached link. A good lawn can and will outcompete it, so no worries there. Constant cutting to lawn height doesn't do wonders for it, either. To get rid of it in the garden, get a small glass (or whatever material...I find baby food or small Ball jars work very well) jar, fill it with Roundup at around half strength, and bend the plant and dip it in. Use a small rock or whatnot to hold it in place. You could also drill the cap and feed the plant in through the hole but that's way too much effort for me. I'd recommend digging the jar into the soil somewhat in the gardens to keep it from spilling over and splashing onto anything you want to keep. Wait a week or four. :-) Not only will that nutsedge plant die, but any that are attached by rhizome will go as well. Here is a link that might be useful: Nutsedge

Thanks for all the advice. Stbond: I never ever watered the area where the bermuda grass is, so I think the grass roots are fairly shallow. There is crabgrass and other annual weeds there too, so I want to give the soil solarization a try and see what happens. Bfreeman: I have kept the area around my bushes and tree free of weeds since I planted them. When I planted them I dug the holes myself (extra-large holes) and I sifted through the soil by hand to remove all roots and weeds. That's why it took me several weekends just to get the hole ready for the crape myrtle! Yes, the bermuda grass will probably come back, but then I will just use Round Up to keep it under control.

If my post came across as patronizing to the original poster or to any lurkers, I apologize. I don't know you so I can't judge whether you are a careless weekend gardener or a professional. My comment about following label instructions was intended for the larger audience of GW in general and the OP only if you didn't know. Your comment that you were going to spray again "using a heavier concentration that that which is instructed on the bottle" was what caused me concern. Nothing is entirely safe and when someone advocates the use of a chemical in increased concentrations they may be endangering more than just themselves. The increased dose of glyphosate may not cause any harm to the user or the environment or anybody else. But others with less knowledge or experience may feel that if someone used an increased concentration of this product to clear up a particularly difficult problem, then it's ok to increase the concentration of one of the more dangerous pesticides to combat some problem they are having and the results may be disastrous to the user, the environment, AND to the innocent neighbors! This is not a case of just the user "getting what he deserves." I've seen the damage done by herbicides when the directions or precautions on the label were not followed. It's not a pretty sight when the neighborÂs yard loses grass and shrubs and flower beds, and itÂs potentially a very expensive mistake by the user. My post was intended to bring attention to the fact that the label information is important and should be followed. If the product doesn't work as expected, maybe the user's expectations are too high or they are not using the proper chemical or technique and should research the problem more thoroughly. And to answer the original question, no, I haven't seen anything to indicate that poison ivy has become immune to RU - yet! But anything's possible! Glyphosate resistant plants are being discovered fairly regularly. An article published by Perdue says, "It is important to understand that these resistant biotypes are out there and that resistance can develop with continuous use of herbicides with the same mode of action (how a herbicide controls a weed)." (http://www.ppdl.purdue.edu/ppdl/weeklypics/7-14-03.html) So if your PI or any other plant has developed resistance or is a naturally resistant strain, IÂm sure the agricultural community and pesticide manufacturers will be interested in hearing about it.