Is that true, FoxCrane? I was told that the benefit of placing the recessed lights right at the edge of the counter was that it wouldn't cast a shadow?

Yes, thank you! That's the plan for under the one set of uppers on that eighty inch stretch of cabinets behind the beam.

Totally disagree with Patricia -- the way to remove under-cabinet shadows is to put under-cabinet lighting, and otherwise your lights should be placed so that you yourself don't create a shadow while standing at the counter! I like them just a few inches off the wall cabinets, so I'd move all of yours inward a bit. I don't think that the pendants need to lineup with your other lights -- they're usually more decorative than task-oriented. But either way, I would place them relative to the whole peninsula if there is any eyeline from the other side of the counter. (I can't tell whether there is continuous room below this floorplan, or just doors from elsewhere.) But neither one would be offensive to look at or to use. Least clear on the upper-left and lower-right cans -- why not center them with those doorways (if that's what those are)?

No don't follow that advice and that example plan isn't good. And the color should depend not only on how warm/cool you prefer light, but also the finishes and how close other room's lighting comes to the kitchen, e.g. you don't really want "bluer" lighting of 4000K with honey brown tones or mix 5000K next to 2700K lamps. 4" (or 6") when placed correctly will light both the counters and wash the floor, without focusing your attention to the floor where it shouldn't be in a kitchen. The undercabinet lighting is strictly to compensate for backsplash (if desired) and shadowed counter under the uppers, not be a replacement for ceiling lighting.