This plant is mislabeled so often and goes under so many different names, its hard to know what to call it. To my knowledge, the CORRECT name is Epipremnum pinnatum "Ginny". But it is also sold as a Rhaphidophora, as a Philodendron, as "Dwarf Climbing Monstera" and I have even seen it labeled as a Pothos (go figure). This is not really a houseplant. Its not a terrarium plant either although I have seen it being sold as one. While it is true that the LEAVES only get about 4 x 6 inches, the plant itself is a rampant climber and will quickly outgrow the ordinary trellis. The stems are larger in diameter than a finger, and the plant sends out aerial roots that can exceed 12 FEET in length. The terrestrial root system is extremely extensive as well and it will quickly outgrow a container. The plant I have grows from the ground up to over 12 feet above the ground, wraps onto everything it can get a hold of, has multiple vines over 20 ft in length, and has to be pruned back about 4 times a year to keep it like that. The aerial roots drape down and make for a very jungle-like appearance, its pretty cool. I have to walk under and through them all the time. You can probably train it to grow in a window on a "hanging trellis" (a cord or something attached to the wall so it can go around in a circle) but otherwise, if you give it enough light to make it happy enough to grow well, you are going to be needing to prune it back sooner rather than later.

I did a quick search for Philodendron transplanting and came up with this link there are usally much more. One thing the link did not address is you must cut back foilage, it will most likely die any way. Another link to the original search http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=philodendron+transplanting&btnG=Search Here is a link that might be useful: Philodendron transplanting

Agreed. When the bits of organic matter in the potting soil decompose, they become smaller bits, with less air between them. This causes things to stay moist longer, and the reduced air can suffocate the roots. Roots need oxygen & moisture at the same time to function. Removing the old soil & replacing with new helps restore things to a functional situation. Not packing soil tightly around the roots can also help preserve those tiny air spaces, as well as watering very gently the first few times, so the force of the gushing water doesn't compact the soil. If the soil is airy and not packed tight, it can stay more moist without causing issues for your plant. No need to add water if still moist, but no need to let it get wilty dry to avoid "overwatering," root rot. As seasons change, a plants' moisture needs can change, so trying to prescribe a schedule can be frustrating and doesn't usually work well.

Not aphids. If not just a fleck or two of lint then perhaps the start of a mealy of cottony scale infestation. Try wiping down the stems and foliage with a cotton swab dipped in Neem oil.