Cheapest things you can do are paint and landscaping. The trim is the same color as the walls. Pick something with more contrast. Some evergreen foundation plantings of proportional size would help a lot. Make the beds at least 1/3 the height of the home, (yes, that wide) and plant in layers--taller plants at the back, medium ones in front of that, and short edgers in front. Do not plant too close to the home: make sure you leave access for cleaning and maintenance. Check the mature size of the plants and don't crowd them--they will grow. In front of those front windows--low plants only. Do not plant something in front of the windows that will get too tall and think you'll keep them short--it never happens. Surround the utility boxes with a neat evergreen hedge, but make sure to keep a good margin of space between the hedge and the boxes, for accessibility and fire safety. (Check local codes to make sure it is legal to do a hedge around them.)

I know you didn't ask about this but, as so often happens, the bushes in front of the house are all too tall, and the ones on the left have to be sheared back in a really unattractive way. Planting something much lower will immediately make your house look better. To me your house looks very nice and the bricks don't look bad. White or cream is my favorite house color and goes very well with your brick and will set off the landscaping very well. Sorry, don't know enough to answer your other question about the wood part of the house.

Really depends on the connectivity of the spaces from the road facing surfaces. I suspect that they are pretty contiguously viewable from the street. If that is the case, stay consistent with what is on the home now with regards to the visual.

If you have no budget, don't change anything, house looks fine as is. Exterior changes are not cheap. Wait until you have a budget then do it right. I would remove front door shutters, replace front double doors with full length single light doors, repaint the peach and brown trim the same colour as the main house, add a window to the weird square on the left side of your house, remove the hedge by the garage door and replace with a BIG planter of flowers surrounded by river rock. Add pots of flowers on either side of front doors. That's it. Your house just needs tweaking. Everything else looks great!