One could check/confirm by looking for a geniculum on the petiole of those larger leaves. Homalomena would have that, Philo does not. Philo scandens can make larger leaves like these.

Thank you very much for the ID's. The first one is near the spot where I saw the bad-looking P. mugo subsp. rotunda about which I asked an ID too. At first I though they were both the same species because they looked similar, but when I went too look closer then I could see the cones were definitely different. Funny part is that someone else suggested in that thread where I asked for an ID that it could be P. thunbergii. So I guess both trees are similar looking indeed. The second one I think comes from a hedge close-by that was (I think) never trimmed and therefore started producing cones. The third one is almost a miracle to me. Closest Abies koreana that I'm aware of is at least a few hundred meters away from where I found it. I'm very glad I dug it out too because A. koreana was also on my wanted list. :)

Yup, agreed on the ID. You could probably take cuttings a few nodes long & pot them back into mother plant's pot, to make it look even more full & lush.

remove it .... and cover bare soil with mulch.. to reduce next seasons crop ... yes.. its probably mildew .... you will .. of she will.. solve that issue with removal ... pretty sure bindweed is in the greater morning glory family ... and thats why it might look familiar ... i once had this on top of a 4 foot pile of rotting wood chips ... as i removed the woodchips .... i found it had roots down.. get this.. 4 feet ... she might need to go the killer route .... ken