Another way to go is a doorbell camera intercom - they use the existing doorbell power/wire, and are able to carry video and audio. There are lots of wireless ones too, but if there's a way to get a wire from the door chime itself to where your bedroom is, you might be able to do it all with a wired system (Maybe a cold air return or through a closet?) I understand it gave you a fright, but consider this: as kids, we did stuff like that. Kids still do it, but people (mostly Americans) assume the worst, and it escalates til it becomes self-fulfilling. Kid rings doorbell, homeowner plugs kid through door with firearm.

Disclaimer: I know zilch about these fancy computerized doorbells. In fact I'm a crusty guy who won't have "smart" electronic stuff in my house because I don't want it getting smarter than I am. And you young whippersnappers better stay off my lawn, too. :) However, in your place I'd put the old button back and see if the doorbell makes noise again. IMO the doorbell should work (for some values of "work") on 24 volts. There's a tiny chance that the excessive voltage would cause too much current to flow through the doorbell and damage it. However, you don't normally lean on a doorbell button for minutes at a time, so the tiny chance is tiny. More likely the higher voltage would just make the doorbell's solenoid strike the chimes too hard and negatively affect their tone. Unless the 24 volts actually did burn out the chime already, it should not go silent. If it works (even poorly) with the ordinary button reinstalled, the cause is obvious. In that case I'd just return the darn Ring Thing to the store so it can outsmart someone else, but that's me. :)

I have a Ring Pro, which I know you are not asking about. I have had it since December and love it. The Pro is on sale at Costco right now for $199. The benefit of paying a bit more is the Costco deal comes with one year of free monitoring. Otherwise you will end up paying $3 per month for the monitoring and still end up with the same out of pocket expense as the Ring 2 mentioned above. You have to sign in to see the Costco price. On the other hand, Best Buy has the Pro, chime, and a 3rd gen. Echo Dot bundle for $229. The Echo Dot shows as a free add on after you add the Chime and Pro bundle to your cart. I purchased my Ring Pro from Best Buy and could never get the chime to connect. My Pro works perfectly without the chime.

I have a ring on a side wall. The camera has a wide range so you can see anyone coming around the wall toward your door. I cannot see my driveway which is on the other side of the wall. I love this ring doorbell and bought it a few years ago before Amazon bought it. My SIL has it and also their spotlights with cameras. He put the spotlights on each corner of his house. I would love those but I don't have wiring on those corners and would have to hire a electrician to run new lines. Too expensive. I think you will be happy with the doorbell even with the wall. It really has a wide range and is very clear. I can see the street infront of the house and all of my property on the left. I always check the notifications when I get the alerts on my phone. I know when packages have been dropped off and many times run home to put them in the house.