I would repot into better mix - what kind of soil/substrate is it potted in now? I would suggest that better drainage is needed. If and when you repot, pls. add more soil (at least to that ridge, could be some more) so plant doesn't sit so deep inside the pot.

Oldest leaves will dry up and eventually separate from stem, or you could cut it off at this point.

Can't tell you much about black spots, I can't really see them that well. Are they on just that 1 leaf or some more?

I think that is Aloe vera...

The black spots may be from over watering. The appear to be on a very bottom leaf, I would remove it.

Think about repotting using a fast draining mix, place it higher in the pot so you have air circulation around the crown.

It looks like Aloe vera to me.

I think you are over-thinking it. Aloe barbadensis (vera) is a very tough plant. Give it full sun and water when dry. You will have much better results in full sun, if kept indoors or in shade, they will grow weak and very slow. No need to add more soil or change the soil, these are very adaptable plants. You said you're in a warm climate so perhaps you can just keep it outside year round, which is how I grow them. They'll get large very quickly in a warm climate. In full sun, you'll have a large plant in a couple of months and it won't matter that the plant is sitting below the rim of the pot because it will have grown over it.

As far as the dry leaves go - don't all plants lose old leaves? Aloe is no different. Old leaves dry up and are replaced by new ones growing from the center.

I'm afraid I don't exactly know the type of soil it is in. I didn't repot it since I bought it a few weeks ago.. but it looks and feels pretty gritty to me, which should mean it is pretty well-draining? I didn't know that aloe leaves would dry up too! XD Thank you guys for that!

What is the actual harm to the plant if it is below the rim?

Some websites online said that the soil should be kept moist so i used a stick to test it's misture and ended up watering it a few days in a week! so thank you, it does make sense that the black spots are a result of over-watering.

The black spots are on two to three leaves on both the adult plants, by the way. If I don't cut them off and start watering it less frequently, will the black spots eventually go away?

Okay! Thank you so much, that cleared up lots of my doubts! : ) I do want my Aloe vera to be very happy and healthy so I will consider it again. I'm just afraid of repotting because i have never done it before and i don't want to do it wrongly and mess it up XD

Pls read up on succulents their ability to hold water in their fat, fleshy leaves. They do not want to be kept moist (that's more for houseplants or tropicals); that's likely to rot their roots,

I understand you're new, but it's OK, the plant isn't fragile or delicate. You can repot it just fine into faster draining, more porous mix (try to find perlite or pumice & add a lot of that, like 50%).

The plant is at greater risk by wrong soil & being kept moist than any possible damage you could do repotting. We wouldn't suggest it otherwise, we want the best for your plant too, good luck!

Remember, aloe Vera is a desert plant. Here in the desert (I'm from Phoenix AZ), we get very little rain, have hard rocky/sandy soil, lots of sunlight and harsh heat. We never have put our aloe in potting soil and don't water it every few days (more like once every week, or every other week) and it thrives, almost like a weed. It's a succulent plant, here they are used to long periods without water. But at home you first need a pot that drains well, when the water sits in a succulent plant than it could kill the plant (or just make it sick). Second you want to make sure that you soak the soil (no spray bottles), that will tell the plant it's time to get as much water as it can because the droughts could be coming. Then let the soil dry completely and wait another day or even a few days. Aloe is nice because it has so many health benefits and you really don't have to do a whole lot to care for it. Make sure it gets plenty of sunshine, but if you have nights that freeze it's best to bring it in. Make sure you have the right potting soil mix (which you can buy a cactus mix at home depot or Lowes). This is just one spot in our yard the aloe grows, and multiplies

Hi, I'm in Arizona too and have aloes in my front yard as well! They get watered only when it rains and they still manage.

however, I do have some inside and those are in a gritty mix. When I moved the biggest one to a gritty mix after about two years in soil, I started watering it more frequently and more thoroughly. It has grown to be a monster !

it grew more in six months than it did in two years. I say that to say that they do respond well to frequent watering, provided they are in a very freedraining mix.