Aphids can do that but you'd see the aphids. Bean rust also has a similar pattern but that is the wrong color and there is no sign of the spores either. I'd be inclined to just call it environmental damage from sun scald and wind burn. Especially if it is just the older leaves as in the pic and not the new growth. Dave

Glenn: Those are aphids inside the rolled leaves. Malathion is effective against aphids, and I don't know about insecticidal soap since I want to kill aphids not wash them. It is true that aphid damage is often limited, but if allowed to remain they may return next season in greater numbers. I believe a strong dormant oil spray just before bud break can greatly reduce overwintering aphid populations, and keep their lifecycle under control. Ladybugs are active against aphids, but there never are enough to do the job, and imported ladybugs just fly off. You can also prune off and discard affected twigs when damage is not too extensive, but if you dormant spray with full coverage you should never have enough aphids to constitute a threat. The real threat to a Spitzenberg tree is not aphids but fireblight, to which it is remarkably susceptible. My little Spitz is gone for that reason, and it only lasted three years. The only other variety I have grown with similar susceptibility to fireblight was Braeburn, and those are gone too. Don Yellman, Great Falls, VA

Deebs, I have 5 trees planted, 2 in the back, but it'll be awhile before they get large enough for the birds to nest in them. They used to use my large climbers too. With all the cats they'd have to make them up really high. One is a redwood though hitting close to 20 feet tall now, not as easily climbed so maybe. I can't distinguish really between all the worms on the roses, most eat holes through the buds and eat the roses, others the foliage too. I'd like to think the ones I miss are eatting aphids:) Duchesse, they tried to petition the subdivision owner on the claim they didn't know the ponding basin was going to be there. That's a lie, I went through the same process they did to pick the house I wanted. It was right there on the site plan and the layout. In fact we paid extra to get a larger lot to be sort of behind it, about 20ft. They bought their houses knowing that was behind them, they were all sold at a premium price for that much yard. They wanted the basin filled in. Won't happen, by city law there has to be a basin at each new subdivison for the water to go when it rains to help on flooding. The only activity I ever see at the basin area is a couple times a year they come through with a tractor and take out all the weeds. The basin is home to mud ducks and others and geese off and on all year. I like to hear the honks and bullfrogs over dogs barking anytime. I think some of them walk around and squish them on purpose. I saw one of the neighbors vacuuming them up with one of those shop vacs one year. These are all relatively young people that have never owned a home before. They have no idea what they're suppressing and the price they'll pay. They just want to complain about nature. This was a walnut orchard and home to all the birds in the past. I imagine there are so many toads because nature is responding to the masses of white flies. I imagine over time the number will diminish especially with all the poisons/chemicals they'll put out on their yards and bushes. Sorry, pet rant:) I've admired your roses and gardens Patricia, I'm only resistant because they've already ruined those roses, I can't reclaim that now. It's too late. That one rose in the pics above is Irresistible, a mini. There isn't a bud that doesn't look like that. I found 14 ladybugs on it yesterday. The white looking bush behind it is a floribunda hitting over 5' tall for size on this rose. You can barely see the canes behind the redwood even taller. This was last night and these bushes just don't photo well for me in the sun and not enough light, but it gives you an idea of how large. I did try the flour on some of them yesterday skipping where the ladybugs were. That was almost as much fun as blasting with water, some were startled into flight. Some washed off easier, but others are crammed into every nook and cranny of the buds and leaves and new growth. It irritated the bees, lucky they don't like me:) As far as Murphy's Law goes, I was too pleased with early spring and all the healthy looking bushes. I was last year too and spider mites devastated them about this time. So, yeah you better knock on wood, LOL* I know what you're talking over on the Hover Bees but I think they're called something else, Deebs, still I have all different colored ones. Dark green, light green, stripped not stripped. This one had stripes too, from last year's infestation:) I have a terrible memory so if I find one of these, I kill them. Thanks for all the help, I do appreciate all the advice and thoughts on this. Patricia I may yet resort to that spray.

Hi Julie! As you already know, it is very hard to keep aphids off of all organically raised leaf crops because you can't spray with insecticidal soap, neem oil, or superfine dormant oil. I've never tried spraying lettuce with a homemade garlic or pepper spray as I assume the garlic/pepper spray would ruin the lettuce for human consumption. I'm not sure there is much you can do at this point, but there are a couple of things you can do 'next time'. Predatory insects are your best bet, but they won't show up until you have a large aphid population to attract them and by then it is probably too late to save the current crop. Next year, or in the fall if you grow fall lettuce, you could try releasing beneficial insects like lady bugs, aphid midges, green lacewings or parasitic wasps. The timing is tricky, though, as you have to release them before the aphids get out of hand, but you can't release them too early or they won't have anything to eat and they'll leave. You can also plant pollen and nectar plants near your lettuce and they will help attract the beneficial insects. Spraying with a stream of water works temporarily, but must be repeated daily. Since aphids carry viral diseases that they transmit to the plants as they feed, you can still have plant damage even if you are spraying with water daily. Some people have had success with mulching their leaf crop beds with a silvery reflective mulch. In the 'old days' they did this by laying down aluminum foil as a mulch around their plants. Some people used to buy that building construction paper that has brown paper on one size and shiny foil on the other. Nowadays you can buy a silver mulch from companies like Territorial Seed. That might be an option for future years. Plants fed excess nitrogen tend to be more attractive to aphids, but since you garden organically, I can't imagine your plants have been fed an excess of nitrogen. You also can keep aphids off your leaf crops by raising them under floating row covers that are well anchored so aphids cannot find a way under the row covers. That's about all I can think of right now. Dawn