I don't think it's Arrow: the culms look too thick and there would be a lot more culm sheaths showing as these are quite persistent with japonica. What is the branching pattern at the nodes? Two branches, with one bigger than the other? Or what? And how long are the leaves?

Looks like a Dracunculus vulgaris (Dragon Arum). You can probably find care information by doing a web search.

1a/b. Weeds, obnoxious ones. Name doesn't come to mind. 2. Maybe jasmine 'nudiflorum' (winter jasmine) or some type of horizontal-growing cotoneaster. Both can make, as you say, a tangled mass, but both are well worth growing if you don't mind a little judicious pruning every year or so. 3. Some type of hydrangea 'macrophylla'. Yours looks better than the dozen or so I've managed to kill over the years - I'd say it's a "keeper". The holly seedlings are an all-too-common pest. Pull them early and often, plus they come up in the very worst of places! 4. Some type of azalea? If so I say toss 'em in favor or something else that would appreciate the space. They look to be the cheap, common (Walmart) variety that are overused by landscapers as "foundation plants". 5. Welcome to the Alabama forum! 6. ROOT for Alabama ;-D 7. Consider attending our Fall plant swap. We are meeting in Gadsden this year on the 17th of this month and would love to load you down with plants, especially since you seem new to the area. I never miss the opportunity to shamelessly post a picture from the yard. This one is 'Incense' passionflower. Nelson

I would repot both in a fast draining soil. The bear's paw looks to be very wet. Succulents hold water in their roots, stems and leaves and so do not like to be very wet, a condition which can cause rot. The soil most often recommended here is commercial cactus and succulent mix mixed 50/50 with perlite, both available from your nursery. Remove the potting mix from their roots and repot in your new mix. You can repot in those same pots, and don't water for a day or so. Then only water when a wooden skewer comes out of the soil dry. Then water until the water runs out the bottom holes (no sips). Also, don't double pot them. As for light--I think the kalanchoe likes just bright light, might tolerate some direct sun, depending on where you are. Not sure about the bear's paw. Maybe someone else will answer. Most succulents like bright light or full sun.