Is it just the colour of the leaf or are there changes to the texture - crispy or wilted or anything like that?

The graft is probably either below the soil level or very smooth so you can't see it. The red leaves will be coming from the scion (the top part of the tree which is grafted onto the rootstock) and the green from the rootstock. A green leaved rootstock can't produced both green and red leaves and nor can a red leaved scion. You could dig out suckers and provided they have some roots they should grow. However, red leaved shoots coming from the scion will probably not have any roots.

Yes, there are trees that have dark red leaves all year. Even a few that survive in Wisconsin. Not aware of any that have fiery red leaves all year. Alas, sugar maple and red maple (despite the name) do not. Sugar maple is fiery red in the fall but green the rest of the year. Red maple is bright red in the Spring and (if you are lucky) in the Fall. Green in between. Ditto for Nyssa sylvatica 'Wildfire'. As far as trees that have dark red leaves all summer... If you have the space and patience, copper beech is...the best. It just kind of is. Totally breathtaking long lived tree with deep red leaves and perfect form. Should survive your cold winters. Unfortunately they are somewhat slow growing and difficult to transplant. Japanese Maples are kind of the standard for this use. If you want something smaller, some kinds of crabapple, like Prairifire give you flowers and red/burgandy leaves. Leaves may turn green in the summer. Purple Leaf Plum would also give you flowers and red leaves. Could you look up your USDA zone? What is your soil like? Sandy, salty, compacted, muddy, clay, alkaline? How far would this be from the nearest road house or power line? What threats will this tree face? Road salt, wind, gypsy moths?

Not sure why no one else responded, but if you're still looking for answers I'll say what I would think the issue is, though pictures will get you better advice. First, note that the bulbs often have red spots as a result of physical injury. That said I would also be concerned if I had pealed off an outer layer and found a red spot inside on the bulb. I have a hard time seeing a difference between the red splotch virus and regular damage discoloration so always worry when I see any red. But so far my bulbs have been fine. The white fuzzy stuff does sound like too much moisture is being retained one way or another. Each time you repotted, did you water again? I would not have. I also wait until my pot is bone dry before watering well. I used a flat, wooden coffee stirrer. I keep it in the pot pushed all the way to the bottom. Before watering, I pull it out slowly and check if it is dry or not. If it's bone dry, I water again. I would encourage you to try again if you didn't manage to save these two. I read on here years ago that master gardeners don't reach that level until they've killed at least a thousand plants, or something like that. :-)