I vote crane fly. Should not be a danger - adults mate and die - don't even eat. Adult The main goal of the adult crane fly in the spring is mating. During the adult stage, the crane fly does not eat. For the short 10- to 15-day period, the adults mate on plants or in the air near the water. Afterwards, the female deposits her eggs. When mating and egg distribution is complete, female dies. The male only lives up to 15 days as well. It is true that the early stages of the creature's development can be a lawn problem: http://lakewhatcom.wsu.edu/gardenkit/unwantedpests/cranefly.htm Here is a link that might be useful: THE LIFESPAN OF A CRANE FLY

Likely aphids. Put on a glove and squish them with you finger, then give the rose a hard spray of water to knock off any that you've missed, and let it dry. Repeat for a few days. If you use an insecticide, the good bugs will die too. If you just use water, the good bugs will arrive and eat the bad bugs. Keep in mind that good bugs always lag behind the bad bugs, but they will show up eventually and do their job if you don't use insecticide.

The green spider-like bug is a green spider. It is not doing the damage to the leaf in your picture. It has the same general appearance as the common green lynx spider; those have tiny dark spots sprinkled on the body and legs and occur in the southern U.S.

No idea. I would return to the nurseries and show them exactly what you are talking about. Normally, if I do not observe them causing damage for several minutes, I then ignore them. Yeah, I know; hee hee hee. not a very scientific approach but oh well..... Like I said before, go back to the nurseries ad show them. If you find out this way, post an update.