Gymnocalycium is the genus, but as far as species I don't know.

Hi, It's a Haworthia, don't know which specific one. Leave it out to dry a couple of days, then give it a very small pot & fast draining mix like 50/50 Cactus & Succulent soil mixed w Perlite. Will make it fast draining, which is what it needs along w/ medium bright light, not direct sun. Don't water for a couple of days after potting. Don't know about the cat, others will.

are you growing it as a houseplant.. because it shouldnt look like that .. with the curled leaves.. its hard to even guess ... also.. its hard to set a scale ... ken

Here's my Chicago P. at about the same stage. More buff than yel. Tiffany and Abe Darby were both pink last spring! No pics of them looking so .... pink.