Our sassafras and tulip trees both grow pretty fast.
Unfortunately, both have brittle wood so we have to keep them away from buildings.

Almost all trees that are fast growers have brittle wood. If you have space think about planting a cluster of trees with a slower growning tree in the middle. As the tree you want matures cut the others out. It is a lot easier to cut two or three 20' trees than one 50+ that showers your yard every year with branches.

If you are within the city limits you might also want to check with local bi-laws because here in our city there are tree species such as Tulip Tree that are not permitted on lawns or boulevards between sidewalks and roads because the root systems are too invasive. Tulip Tree is not permitted here in my city.

Barb

Most fast-growing trees are also short-lived trees, and many trees that have a reputation for fast growth really only grow fast at first, then slow down. For example, I have watched a row of trees planted in front of a local corner store for perhaps 25 years. The trees included a Red oak, a Pin Oak, and a Norway Maple. At first the maple did indeed grow faster than the others, but about 15 years ago the oaks caught up and now both the Red Oak and the Pin Oak are considerably larger than the maple

I guess my point is that fast growing trees aren't always much faster growing than trees considered to be slow growing trees. I would plant a tree that will grow to be a nice adult tree rather than focus only on fast-growing trees.Nevertheless, some trees that tend to be fast include Silver Maple (grows fast but tends to be brittle. A very large tree), Eastern Sycamore (very large and impressive as an adult) and Eastern COttonwood (fast growing, not very often used as a street tree, although the similar Western Cottonwood is a popular street tree in much of the western US).

Honeylocust will grow quickly, and only to 40-50 ft in full. Provides light shade, and the leaves are small so they blow away with no raking.

Silver maples are messy, and break easily. White Oak might do well.

Do you want a tall tree? Serviceberry and tulip trees don't get very tall.

Catalpa speciosa
Catalpa bignonoides
Magnolia acumentata
Taxodium distichum
Liriodendron tulipifera and cultivars
Halesia monticola

Tulip trees are supposed to get very tall I have one I planted two years ago it's not that tall yet though.
What about a prunus I have a native one I bought 2 and a half years ago it was really small I'm 5 feet and it was way shorter than me. now it's so high its going into an electcal wire.