Without a doubt, the best reference I know is Clematis on the Web, COTW, linked below. Richard and Ian keep the database updated as new varieties come on the market and anyone can submit pictures for inclusion in the listings. One does have to be careful with such info as bloom time since a lot of the info is from English and European sources. However, they also are conducting, in conjunction with the Hull University, an international survey on clematis to include such information as wilt resistance, true hardiness ratings, etc. To date no one has ever done this and the wealth of info they gather will add to the info available on clematis. The viticellas are a group of clematis that have the genetics of the species plant clematis viticella in their blood lines. These plants include the species viticella and a boatload of other 'viticellas' including Betty Corning, Kermesina, Polish Spirit, Tango, Minuet, Alba Luxurians, Etoile Violette, Abundance, etc. Others are listed in the article you provided the web addy for. Copy and paste this web addy into your browser and you will see info on the species plant clematis viticella on COTW. http://www.clematis.hull.ac.uk/new-clemdetail.cfm?dbkey=559 The link you provided does not show a picture of viticella Grandiflora Sanguinea, but rather just lists it in a general article on various types of viticellas. The picture is of Etoile Violette. Like I said, I have never seen a picture of viticella Grandiflora Sanguinea in any of my books nor have I ever seen it offered for sale. The fact that COTW doesn't have a picture of it speaks loads as to the fact that it is most probably not widely available, even in Europe. In fact, there are quite a few clematis available in Europe that are not listed for sale in the US. If anyone comes up with a picture of this one variety, I would love a link to it. May have to go off and see if I can Google it myself. Hope this helps. Here is a link that might be useful: COTW

Interesting idea and question about the position of a scape and whether it is the first scape or a rebloom scape. This is my current understanding of how daylilies bloom (from Stout's observations and my own). First a simple once blooming cultivar. Until a fan is mature/adult the growing point in the centre of the fan produces only leaves. When the fan becomes large enough to bloom (it becomes mature/adult/reproductive) the growing point (or shoot apical meristem - SAM) stops producing leaves and becomes the scape. It can not normally ever again produce any leaves. So the scape starts to develop in the centre of the fan. But the fan would never grow again if that was all there was. It isn't. What happens is there are buds or potential buds just 'above' each leaf. These buds are on the crown (which is a stem) in the angle between the leaf and the stem - they are called axillary buds or meristems. When the SAM becomes a scape one or more axillary buds can start to develop. The axillary bud becomes the new replacement SAM. It starts to produce leaves and continues the fan's growth. BUT When that new bud starts to develop it has a number of choices. It can be dormant from the start of its development and stay dormant until after the next winter. The plant will then be a fan of leaves with a central scape with mature leaves on both sides and no new leaves will grow that year. The new bud will start to grow the next spring. OR The bud can start producing new leaves immediately as it starts to develop. In this case the plant will be a fan which at one time had a central scape but as the new leaves develop on the axillary bud they push that scape to one side. At some time later the scape will not be in the centre because all the developing leaves have become the centre. When the leaves on the new axillary bud develop immediately the scape will never be visibly and obviously in the centre of the fan. OR The new axillary bud may be dormant for a time. That period can be any length. When it is not too short one may see a central scape and then see the new tuft or fan of leaves start to grow beside the scape. For a daylily to rebloom there must not be too long a delay in that new axillary bud developing and growing. It has to grow large enough to produce a scape. Then the cycle repeats. Rebloom requires that the new leaves grow quickly so water and fertilizer are helpful in getting rebloom. As an example, 'Mosel' will rebloom for me but only if I water and fertilize it and I need to do that for some time (more than a year) if I have let the plants languish. 'True Gertrude Demarest' remained as one fan and did not bloom for ten years but as soon as I started heavily fertilzing it with high nitrogen, grew quickly to three fans and rebloomed. Researchers have found that most daylilies (modern cultivars at least) do not need special daylengths or cold to bloom. That suggests that there is no biological difference between first bloom and rebloom. When a fan is large enough it blooms. As long as conditions allow it to grow its replacement/new leaves quickly it will rebloom. Unfortunately, plants in general are very flexible in how they grow depending on the conditions. Here, most years 'Heavenly Harmony' produces a central scape in June and no new leaves after that until September. But last year I gave it high nitrogen fertilizer and we had a drought. Heavenly Harmony produced new leaves all year so the central scape was pushed to the side. Here, most years 'Ophir' produces a central scape in July and no new leaves for the entire rest of the year. But in one year it produced scapes and then half a dozen new leaves while it was flowering and then no new leaves for the entire rest of the year. So the central scape was pushed a little to one side. Ophir is registered as a semi-evergreen but it is a normal dormant here. It is also registered as a rebloomer but it never has rebloomed and I cannot see how it could since it basically does not grow after flowering. Its leaves do stay green until November. So last year I did a test. After Ophir had flowered I removed all the leaves from some fans, the scapes from some other fans and both the scapes and all the leaves from some other fans. Every fan that had all its leaves removed had its bud break and produced new leaves. So I conclude that Ophir may be able to rebloom in any location where conditions cause its bud to start growing after flowering. Perhaps by being fertilized with high nitrogen, perhaps by having its leaves prematurely die because of high temperature or who knows what. It will be interesting to see what 'Heavenly Harmony' does with its scape and leaves this year. So far there has been no sign of a scape. It is my earliest tetraploid bloomer but that means it opens its flowers in very late June or early July so I do not expect to see a scape for a week or two yet. It will also be interesting to see what the fans of Ophir do this year after I removed all their normal leaves last year. I expect that they will have suffered and most will not bloom this year. To summarize: Is a scape that is not in the centre of a fan a 'rebloom' scape left-over from last year? Sometimes, but not necessarily. Can one tell if such a scape is left-over from last year? Perhaps, if one has detailed information that the cultivar nearly always produces a central scape; if one knows how many leaves are produced normally before the central scape and how many leaves were produced before the 'side' scape. One would also need to know how many leaves had been produced the previous year after the scape had been produced.

The following are consistent rebloomers for me: SILOAM PLUM TREE (Henry) MASK OF ETERNITY (Salter) MOONLIT MASQUERADE (Salter) FAIREST OF THEM (Salter) They have been consistent for the past three years. In zone 5, I have discovered that they really need to get established and this can take a couple of years. The three Salter intros are in full sun in my front yard along with 30 + others and they are very dependable rebloomers. SILOAM PLUM TREE gets some afternoon shade, but it also gets a little extra water by being close to my vegetable garden. David

I just received an order from Paul Owen. What a fun guy to deal with and extremely generous! He was lamenting the fact that his soil was too rich- too much phosphate and he was going to re-do it with less organics. He thought some of the fans he sent would be bigger in "regular" garden soil. I can't wait to see his beauties in my garden especially after your comments.