Volume 3 Third Day High up to the Toros Mts. Antalya Bay morning Antalya Bay morning Antalya Bay morning The way up to 1500 meters Pinus brutia seedlings are growing on the rockside Up to Irmasan Pinus brutia Pinus brutia Pinus brutia Pinus brutia forest closes over 400 meters Pinus brutia forest 400 m Pinus brutia forests at 800 meters Pinus brutia 800 m 900 meters with mixed forest 900 m Juniperus excelsa forest Juniperus excelsa Pinus brutia forests Akseki-Irmasan Gecidi by taxi 1300 meters, the first Cedrus libani Cedrus libani 1300 m 1100-1200 meters, Quercus coccifera forest Quercus coccifera forest 1300-1400 meters, Mixed populations of Juniperus drupacea, Juniperus excelsa and Abies cilicica Juniperus excelsa, drupacea, Abies cilicica 1300-1400 m 1400 meters, Abies cilicica, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus drupacea Juniperus excelsa, drupacea, Abies cilicica 1400 m 1400 meters, Abies cilicica, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus drupacea Juniperus excelsa, drupacea, Abies cilicica 1400 m 1400-1500 meters, Abies cilicica overall, some Cedrus libani A. cilicica, single Cedrus libani 1400-1500 m Abies cilicica forest 1500 m Abies cilicica forest 1500 m 1400-1500 meters, Juniperus drupacea Juniperus drupacea, Cedrus libani 1400-1500 m Over 1400 Abies cilicica, Juniperus excelsa, Juniperus drupacea Abies cilicica, Juniperus excelsa, drupacea 1400+ Cedrus libani forest 1500+ Cedrus libani 1500+ Cedrus libani forest 1500+ Cedrus libani forest 1500+ Cedrus libani, Juniperus excelsa Cedrus libani, Abies cilicica Cedrus libani Cedrus libani, Irmasan Gecidi Pass 1526 m Cedrus libani Great finds around the Irmasan Gecidi Pass Cedrus libani Aksakal, a silver giant standing in the rock. A Z5 cedar. 2010 Hodi Toth Jozsef HUN from sport of Irmasan Gecidi, 1600 m Toros Mts., TUR An ornamental, broad, regular globose crown, massive trunk. Quick silver foliage, 3-4 cm long needles, barrel like 8-10 cm long cones. Blizzards and lower as -20 Celsius winter winds trained. Cedrus libani Aksakal Cedrus libani Aksakal Cedrus libani Aksakal Cedrus libani Aksakal Cedrus libani Aksakal Cedrus libani Aksakal Cedrus libani Tree to Heaven as towering over the Abies cilicica forests peace. A Z5 cedar. Cedrus libani Tree to Heaven Cedrus libani Tree to Heaven Cedrus libani Tree to Heaven, Abies cilicica Juniperus polycarpos Hontalan, a homeless juniper among the cedars. This giant specimen was found in 2006, now documented with an estimated age of 1000 years. Juniperus polycarpos Hontalan Juniperus polycarpos Hontalan Juniperus polycarpos Hontalan Juniperus polycarpos Hontalan Cedrus libani Blue Mast 2010 Hodi Toth Jozsef HUN from sport of Irmasan Gecidi, 1600 m Toros Mts., TUR To 20 meters height straight trunk, tight crown with horizontal, short boughs. Bright silver foliage, long needles. In living area five months winters, strong winds and too mutch snow. Cedrus libani Blue Mast Cedrus libani Blue Mast Cedrus libani Blue Mast Cedrus libani Blue Mast Cedrus libani Blue Mast Cedrus libani Blue Mast Life on the Irmasan Gecidi Cedrus libani Abies cilicica trunk Cedrus libani Cedrus libani Cedrus libani Discovered in 2006, now documented. She is really a Good Girl sitting on a rock since centuries. Juniperus drupacea Good Girl Juniperus drupacea Good Girl Juniperus drupacea �Good Girl� Abies cilicica trunk deep in the rocks Juniperus polycarpos Hontalan on the hilltop since about 1000 years Juniperus polycarpos Hontalan Juniperus polycarpos Hontalan Juniperus foetidissima Buksi 2010 Hodi Toth Jozsef HUN from sport of Irmasan Gecidi Pass, 1600 m, TUR A seedling dwarf, max 1 meter in height, very fine, thin sprouts, without leader. Bright green color, 3-5 cm (1-2 inch) growths a year. Scales very nearly lays oneself down on axis. Stands very extended, windish and could, very good hardiness. Juniperus foetidissima Buksi Juniperus foetidissima Buksi Juniperus foetidissima Hegylako 2010 Hodi Toth Jozsef HUN from sport of Irmasan Gecidi Pass, 1600 m, TUR A multitrunked, relative thin sprouted plant in 2 m height. Scales less prickly than the type, bright green. Stands most exposed, windish and cold, excellent hardiness. Slow growing. Juniperus foetidissima Hegylako Juniperus foetidissima Hegylako Juniperus drupacea Bad Boy Selected in 2006, now documented. Juniperus drupacea Bad Boy Juniperus drupacea Juniperus drupacea Cedrus libani, triple trunked Cedrus libani, double trunked Farewell to Irmasan Gecidi This centuries aged old cedar guards the strange rocky world of the Toros Mts. Cedrus libani Cedrus libani Cedrus libani, a hopeful grey youngster Cedrus libani young blue HTJ and Zsolt

Yesterday I found a new wonder at Mr. Liptai. A special Cedrus libani forest. Cedrus libani Nemrut Dagi Published 2010 Mesterhazy in Conifer Treasury of Hungary 1.1 Breeder/Found 1991 Liptai Istvan HUN at Lake Van TUR Introduced by the publisher Description Liptai Istv�n collected seeds above the Lake Van in eastern Turkey on the slope of the Mount Nemrud in an area of one square kilometer (250 acres). The forest there lives in incredible circumstances with z4-5 frosts, big snow in winter, dry summers in a vaste rocky area mostly without any soil. The collected population was planted at an age of 3-4 years old in Tokaj, HUN with cca. 150 cedars, as a little forest far of his area. The Liptai Collection is on a wild south-eastern slope along the river Bodrog, where the cedars near to the river has grown a trunk of 40 centimeter (16 inch) in 16 years, 50 meters higher usually 25-30 cm (10-12 inch), and bringing quite good seeds yet. About 10 % ot the forest brings never powdering male cones, just female cones, a little more brings only male cones. Most of them seems to be usual with both kind of cones, as usual as we learned before. Cedrus libani �Nemrut Dagi� seems to be an imported genetic wonder, and this unique little forest will be the fathers and mothers of the z4 cedars in the frosty boreal regions of the world. Could have a nice future in reforesting semideserts or even boreal taigas. Grows to unexpected measures in milder climate, needs unusual very much place. (20 meters in diameter!) Majestic soliters to great parks, but no more than 2 or 3. Ideal understock for other cedars planted in less than z6. A gift of Gods, his name comes from the ancient King Nemrud, the famous scythian ruler. Royal names to royal cedars. Cedrus libani Nemrut Dagi Cedrus libani Nemrut Dagi Cedrus libani Nemrut Dagi Cedrus libani Nemrut Dagi Cedrus libani Nemrut Dagi Photos by me in the Liptai Collection Zsolt

Nate, enjoy the Day 3 and Day 4 story, where really big discoveries are found! Zsolt

Resin, Some sources about Cedrus libani from Turkey Reforestation… http://ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a75/00800313.pdf Ibrahim Atalay http://www.jeb.co.in/journal_issues/201001_jan10/paper_07.pdf Ibrahim Atalay http://www.uni-graz.ac.at/geowww/hmrsc/pdfs/hmrsc7/atalay29-38.pdf The turkish sources never mention the plant name Cedrus libani stenocoma. Just Cedrus libani. They should have use the „Turkish cedar” terminology, but they do not use it. If a turkish scientist knows only Cedrus libani, I’m ready to accept it as he is at home in his country. Generally I give much more credit in my conifer books to chinese scientists in describing their own flora (Sylva Sinica), as for russians in their country (Komarov, Czerepanov) like any others. Resin, I fully respect the british role in discovering in world’s botany, but since a time as the world is no more a british dominium, we have to accept the local science’s point of views. Sagalassos II The physical environment of Sagalassos http://books.google.com/books/p/leuven_university_press?id=L_41KIX2pVoC&printsec=frontcover&hl=nl#v=onepage&q&f=false The University Leuven followed archaeologic excavations in Sagalassos, which has a physical environment description. Belgian scientists were going on to give a complete picture about the excavating site, even deep climatic datas with. Here we can read, that the years average temperature in Sagalassos is 9,9 Celsius degree. This is the same as me in Hungary, but the Sagalassos environment is totally different. The coldest month is January with av. -5,8 with repeatedly coming -30 C. They have there 4 months dry and cold, and inside 80 days with dry sun. These are very hard circumstances with selecting power. The biggest problem is of these cedars the beeing without water. Maybe there is an av. yearly rainfall 600-1200 mm, the plants get water only once a year at snow melting! Summer is hot and dry, snow is even very much in winters, but the cedars there get water in a short month. Last, but not least about wind. I guess alaskan scientists know well, that a -20 C with 60 km/h wind works like a silent -40C. The USDA zones are used at us too, but not perfect. Cant make differece in frost resisting, climate resistence or winter resistence, which are very different things. My point of view with the high selected lebanon cedars, that if we carry them to a little or more better circumstances, they will not only survive, but they have very good chance to grow well in z5, as they do it. The new selecting program of HTJ is based on such like datas, and till now he brought out there 20 new cultivars ��" green, silvery or blue, also differents in habit, form etc. as Cedrus libanis are all different and variable inside the species. These plants are selected for dry continental circumstances in Eastern Europe and the Rockies in the States even up to Canada. The semidesert conifering will bring hopefully new achievements. Having an example of Cupressus. The semidesert cypresses from the US are very good selection matters to the continental Europe or even in Turkey. The last winter in Hungary was really hard with long -25-28 C frosts. The SW US originated cypresses in the very dry Arizonica Arboretum had no damage. The same cultivars in urban areas got heavy problems, many died or frosted up to 2-3 meters. I realized, that the continental cypresses have a big enemy: the water. The British Isles or Holland is not quite good for the continental cypresses: no heat, not enough sun and too much rain. If you want to select cypresses to the wet european areas, you should choose the himalayan or formosan specieses, which tolerate cold, sun and too much water. HTJ has some of them too after the world conifer discoveries of Debreczy and Racz in the last 30 years. Zsolt Notes Sagalassos II: report on the third excavation campaign of 1992 By Marc Waelkens, J.P. Page 231 and further Ibrahim Atalay, 1987 General Ecological Properties of Natural Occurence Areas of Cedar / Cedrus libani A. Rich./ Forest and Regioning of Seed Transfer of Cedar in Turkey Orman Genel Müdürlügü Yayini. Yayin No. 663 Ankara M. Boydak, Reforestation of Lebanon Cedar /Cedrus libani A. Rich./ in Bare Karstic Lands by Broadcast Seeding in Turkey Page 35 Zsolt