I use commerical off the shelf potting mix not potting soil but uou of course can mix your own. I know some people toss in a hand full of alpha pellets on top. You did not say what you feed your roses but I started with a new product this year; Peter Beales Natural Rose Care line. The good thing about this product is that it has other things in it that will help improve the soil.

I use a mix of amend, compost, and either Mastery Nursery Gardeners choice or the Dr Earth one as it states it can be used for large outdoor containers. It also depends how much rain you get in winter and if you plan to keep them in pots permanently. Mine are permanent in pots. Miracle grow I have found can get quite compacted over time in my rainy zone so I have switched to the other two and every year I take out a third of the soil and add Vermonts Compost plus but you can use any compost. Here is a couple pics of my potted roses.Those are two Joseph's coat climbing roses and are only two years old in my garden. These are new this year and haven't bloomed yet as I cut both blue Girls buds off and potted them up to promote a bushier plant. Although Blue Girl doesn't have too many leaves naturally anyway. Closest to farthest is Blue for You, Blue Girl, Earth Angel, Blue Girl, and last is Heirloom. These are new eden climbing roses and I have one on either side of my archway but are training along the fence as my archway is covered with grapes and clematis. This is Earth Angel, also new and only came with three thin canes but all that shorter growth is new canes coming out from the roots. This photo is a little old as it's gotten bigger since this photo. I have many more but I don't want to bombard you with too many photos. Bonus: Sharifa Asma just opening. Not potted but still pretty.

Diana, the stronger smelling the rose the more flavorful the jelly so you want to look up the most fragrant roses and go to your local nursery to do the sniff test. I've only been growing roses since 2009 and I kill other plants by accident if they are not roses, haha- for the life of me I cannot grow any plant indoors!! But roses, bless them (I have 23) they have been able to flourish so long as I feed them sea tea and make sure they are well watered if they grow in pots. (Potted roses require far more watering than ground raised roses) Hybrid teas can grow real well in a pot but you have to get a very strong scented rose. Teas and some of the antique roses get too large. Help Me Find is a great way to check for sizes. Another thing, most hybrid teas are bred for form and color and not for scent. I refuse to grow anything without scent. So go to your local nursery and look for the strongest scented rose that you can find.. You are in California so that is a great thing, you won't struggle with Blackspot like we do in the rainy Midwest, lol! Organics should be easy for you! Mine is all organics but only the strongest will be able to survive. Unfortunately, most nurseries plaster their roses with insectides, but don't let that stop you from purchasing a rose. It is far more crucial how you raise and care for that rose. As long as you stick with the organics that is far more important. By the way, you want the darker color petals for a deeper hue of jelly. Lincolns and Fragrant Cloud I've used for my rose jelly. Very delicious...use jelly for sweet spreads and cake, but I've also used rose jelly for savory dishes like pork loin (part of the glaze) and for red meats. Rose jelly goes real well with marzipan fillings and you can use port wine with rose jelly as well. You can also create hot sauces with the rose jelly. Many, many uses. I watch a lot of gourmet cooking shows so the list goes on and on and on. Have fun! :) Oops, Lincolns will get too tall in a pot but if you get them as an own root they will stay at a manageable size. Good own-root vendors are Long Ago Roses and Roses Unlimited. Long Ago Roses however are far more organic.... Oops, just noticed your other problem, roses require a lot of sun to bloom more! the ones that are more tolerant of shade cannot do well in a pot. They are way too large (hybrid musks some of the antiques) and most shade-tolerant roses also have far smaller petals as well. It's tradeoffs...Maybe you can move your pots around each time the sun pattern shifts?

I know this is an old question, and that the OP received some answers on another forum. Just wanted to share a nice article about edible flowers, linked below. Rugosa and gallica roses are mentioned. Here is a link that might be useful: edible flowers