Inspiration an oldy but goody well 1947 very fragrat large loosely formed blooms...I think Vintage Carries it
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It's not a real "Old Garden Rose," but it passed as one for decades -- At least since 1947.

The Climber sold as 'Sombreuil' is a great rose in the Western states. It's very disease-resistant, and very fragrant. It's only "flaw" is that you must be respectful of the prickles, but it is continuous-blooming and really quite lovely. I recommend it highly.
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Another fine rose for fragrance, disease-resistance, and continuous-bloom is "Secret Garden Musk Climber."
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what is a "Mary Garden?" Perhaps I'm really out of the loop.

I'd send a nice link but someone might consider it religious but my understanding they are gardens filled with rose and flowers having some symbolic connection with The Virgin Mary. The 2nd garden I ever worked in in the 6th grade was a Mary Garden an old cleaned out lot in the Bronx set up by a nun at the schollI went to. Lilly, Lychnis (mary's Rose) Columbine, pansy all appear in Mary gardens throughot the middle ages.
Cornflower - Mary's Crown
Forget-me-not* - Eyes of Mary
Impatiens* - Mother Love
Larkspur - Mary's Tears
Marigold* - Mary's Gold
Morning Glory - Our Lady's Mantle
Petunia* - Our Lady's Praises
Poppy - Christ's Blood
Snapdragon - Infant Jesus' Shoes
Sweet Alyssum* - Flower of the Cross
Sweet Scabious - Mary's Pincushion
Zinnia - The Virgin
Inspiration was a nice name for a rose thats why I offered it for consideration there are a number of sites on line about Mary Gardens from the secular sybolic to the religious and historical

Off the bat, I would suggest rosa gallica complicata -- I don't know if it has a big scent, but I do think it is genuinely old, and it does climb. The gallicas are more scented when dry than when in bloom, anyway. They were grown for herbal purposes.

Another one -- that would be good for a rather difficult site as you describe it -- is Russell's cottage rose. Both of these, like most old roses, are once bloomers. Russell's is fragrant and a deep rose in color. It is vigorous and beautiful.

There is also a species rose called rosa soulieana that you used to hear about more than you do now. It has grey leaves and small, very abundant "powerfully fragrant" (so the descriptions say) white single flowers. I doubt it was known of in medieval times, at least in Europe, since it was brought back from China in 1896, but it is antique -- being a species, so I think it would answer to your purpose if you could find it. It is conoisseur's plant that is supposedly attractive even when not in bloom.

Now that I think of it, City of York, is another very vigorous, fragrant once-blooming climber that rose conoisseurs think very highly of. The garden writer Cynthia Wescott wrote about it at length. It is hardly antique, since it dates from 1939, but its white color and very fragrant, semi-double flowers might make it appropriate.

Good luck. I think the idea of a Mary Garden is a very nice one.

Here is a link that might be useful: rosa soulieana

That's right labrea, it has something to do with the Virgin Mary...Rosemary, Lady's Mantle, Lady's Slipper, etc. I live next to the Catholic church for which I am sacristan and have a small statue of the Virgin in the garden and want to build a Mary Garden around it.

Does anyone know of a story of the connection of fuchsia plant and the Virgin Mary? Help!

Take a look at Rosa sancta. It's a low growing once bloomer that has a church association with Etniopia and has some of the biggest single light pink blooms on any roses. It can take heat and sun.

I have a garden inspired by renaissance portraits of Mary, for instance, Stefan Lochner's Madonna of the Rose Bower, ca 1450. Not all flowers are named after the virgin, but I have chosen flowers with a symbolic value in medieval times, such as Florentine irises, violets, lily-of-the-valley, wild strawberries, Madonna lilies and aquilegias. Mary was called The Rose without Thorns so ideally a thornless rose would be the best choice. There are several tall white albas that would be suitable, for instance Princesse de Lamballe which looks very similar to Maxima, one of the oldest albas in cultivation.

Maybe Cl. Clothilde Soupert?

Also - if you have room for more than the climber... I was thinking of planting a lot of albas and some blue hydrangeas for a Mary garden. I know hydrangeas aren't traditionally symbolic, but the blue is unbeatable. Albas are associated with Mary from medieval gardens.

Another one that might be a neat shrub would be Our Lady of Guadalupe.