I wouldn't rule out a gopher. Not all gopher holes have the traditional fanned mound look, especially in really soft soil like a raised bed. I have resident gophers on my property and I've seen them leave similar holes in my raised bed. With that being said, gophers do need to excavate the dirt they move through, so you will see fan shaped mounds somewhere else if it is indeed a gopher. That's how they move dirt out of there tunnels. I live in So Cal, and have never experienced moles. Look for fanned mounds to confirm or rule out a gopher. They leave my peppers and tomatoes alone, but the peas will get eaten I know for sure.

My German Shepherd is about worthless at catching gophers. She is however, great at turning a small gopher mound into a deadfall pit in a matter of minutes. (See lawn leveling on the lawn care forum for that problem! :)

Thanks, cwrebel! Any thoughts, any one, for getting rid of these without using crazy pesticides or chemicals?

I have a cat they does a fairly decent job at keeping them under control. I've tried everything from battery powered sonic stakes, to scented granules, to traps, and have had only moderate success with these. I have more luck with a pellet gun and a .22. Fact is, if you can find a way to eliminate them you'll be a millionaire overnight!

As far as conventional methods, I would buy a sonic stake as a detterent, and even try trapping them. They can be effective. Home Depot, Lowe's, and Amazon should have what you need. Good luck!

Do you have enough water via hoses to flood them out?

Thats what I do with gophers and field mice.