Curative activity of insecticides on PC

12 years ago

Thought I'd share this if you haven't seen or read it.

"ABSTRACT Tart cherry, Prunus cerasus L. variety Montmorency, fruit were infested with plum

curculio,Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), and treatedwith insecticides

to target late instars, neonates, and eggs. The organophosphates azinphos-methyl and phosmet and the

neonicotinoid thiamethoxam reduced larval emergence rates by 90% for all life stage targets; after

30 d, few surviving larvae were found inside fruit. Acetamiprid and thiacloprid also had curative

activity and yielded 75% reductions in emergence and few surviving larvae in the fruit after 30 d.

The juvenile hormone analog pyriproxyfen reduced larval emergence, but 66%of fruit thatwas treated

to target late-instars still had live larvae inside of them after 30 d. Novaluron, chlorantraniliprole,

and esfenvalerate had no curative activity. Indoxacarb had limited curative activity, and all targeted

life stages had larval emergence. Internal and external residues were analyzed and are discussed in

relation to their penetration and curative potential. The curative activity of azinphos-methyl has

played an important role in meeting federal standards for infestation-free tart cherries at processing.

Regulatory changes are eliminating the use of this compound, and new integrated pest management

programs for plum curculio will need to address the loss of azinphos-methylÃ¯Â¿Â½s curative activity."

Link

Last night I picked up a bottle of spray that contains Thiamethoxam (Maxide). I noticed a few apricots with telltale PC egg laying marks (the trees had been sprayed with Permethrin). I figure the damage occurred the nite before (keeping a very watchful eye this year). I gave each fruit a good spray of Maxide. We'll see what happens.

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Comments (8)

olpea
12 years ago
Thanks Frank for posting this.

I've been in a discussion with another forum member about this very topic. I'd read Thiamethoxam (I use the brand name Actara) is supposed to be as effective as Imidan (phosmet) and Guthion (Azi-meth) on PC but couldn't produce any substantive research to back up the claims made.

The problem I have with Actara is that it's only approved for 2 applications which isn't enough to get me through the whole PC season. But now that I know it has such effective curative action, in the future I'll wait and start applying it after I see evidence of infection. Very helpful, actually waiting to see infection before treating. Most other insects, if you see damage it's too late.

I see Acetamiprid (Assail) provides good control albeit, not quite as good as Thiamethoxam at 75% vs. 90% reduction in emergence.
User
12 years ago
The information I've seen on this Maxide product suggests it's not safe to use on edible crops. They say - "use up to the edge of the vegetable garden but not in it."
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Myk: If you can't get Imidan, look around for Permethrin, sold in a 2.5% active ingredient formula. I have had Malathion around for years, and never found it effective on anything but aphids. But Permethrin works against my principal insect enemies, which are plum curculio, oriental fruit moth, and codling moth. I would about as soon use dish soap as the combo Bonide spray (malathion, sevin, captan I believe), which is so weak in it components as to be useless, and uses the wrong components anyway. When used with a small amount of sticker/spreader, Permethrin will stay on and be effective for more than a week. Malathion is malathion, BTW, the only difference being the labeling of different brands. In cases like this, common sense can be applied, though I wouldn't personally use malathion since it doesn't work well for me. I know Permethrin is available from Tractor Supply, which is a NC based firm, sold as "Multi-Insect Killer", but if you don't have those a large nursery might be a better bet than a bigbox store. My Lowes and Home Depots no longer carry even dormant oil, but a lot of pseudo-organic stuff that is of no interest to me, and a lot of pre-mixed products that enable them to raise the price significantly. The fact is, there aren't many people around here who actually mix their own chemicals and apply them with a sprayer. The constant drumbeat of organic propaganda has people spooked. Don Yellman, Great Falls, VA
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Northern- Last year i bought the rest of the stock of Menards 32oz Ortho TotalKill ...2.5% ... It was clearance...might have been around the same price. I see they aren't carrying it anymore so its getting tougher to find the stuff (Permethrin). I'm still still finishing up the 6 year old bottle of Permethrin i had (which is going bad ..had chunky stuff in the bottle). Right now Menards has 11% and if you have Discover card you can get another 5%...
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Regarding the kickback activity of Imidan, I'm a little late reading this thread and Frank posted the same research I've seen, and probably what Myk was also looking at. This was discussed last year during PC season I believe. As a recap, Hman suggested phosmet might have curative activity. I couldn't see how that was possible since it has no systemic action and I suggested such. Then I read the MSU CAT alert below. It essentially contains the same MSU information Frank posted, only they posted it the next year too. After more discussion the thought was that enough of the compound can leak in the wound to kill the grub. Phosmet is highly toxic to curcs and apparently it takes a very small amount. Hman concluded that with a 2 week kickback and 7-10 day forward protective activity, it might be possible to reduce sprays of Imidan to one spray the whole curc season, which is sound logic. However, I still find the MSU claim of 2 weeks kickback amazing. After a few days the crescent scars start to heal and so I can't see enough residue could enter the fruit to cause grub mortality. However, I'm sure the researchers tested have it. I wonder if it works quite that effectively in the field. Here is a link that might be useful: May 2010 CAT Alert
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Olpea, It was dilute. I had them in a yogurt or cottage cheese container with some plastic wrap over the top. Pulled the plastic wrap back and sprayed so it didn't dry. From failing memory; I was shocked when the "dead" came back to life. What I liked best was the longer it went the worse the one that didn't curl up was able to cling to the sides or top. I caught them feeding under leaves and figure if they can't hold on they probably can't feed. I also didn't see any attempts to fly. It took no time for them to curl up "dead", except the one. It was days for them to come out of it. I think they were dead in a week (and I put a leaf in there (that may have been sprayed) so they could eat). I'll see if I can find a post about it. I didn't think about letting it dry. That would be an interesting one to do if I ever catch some again. Maybe spray a leaf, let it dry and drop it in.
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franktank232
Original Author
12 years ago
ltilton-

I'd stick to Actara if you can find it locally. Maxide contains lambda-Cyhalothrin and Thiamethoxam.
User
12 years ago
Well, I just got a bottle of Triazicide, gonna try that.

This whole "curative" thing makes me concerned. It implies systemic action. Systemic action means getting the toxin into the fruit where it can kill the larvae. But then you've got toxic fruit.
myk1
12 years ago
"It implies systemic action."

Actually it implies that it travels in the same channel as the egg laying and burrowing and is toxic enough to the insect that it either stops the egg from hatching or kills the bug.

It implies nothing about toxic fruit.

A little salt kills slugs, that doesn't imply the same amount of salt will kill you.
alan haigh
12 years ago
It also doesn't imply that the poison would be capable of killing that bug 2 weeks later. In other words it says nothing of the toxicity at time of harvest.
franktank232
Original Author
12 years ago
Harvest-

Not sure if you've seen this; page 3 and 4 show residue over time of actara, guthion, etc...

PC challenges
alan haigh
12 years ago
Thanksfranktank

Curative activity of insecticides on PC

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Curative activity of insecticides on PC

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olpea

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