I think those would be reasonable guesses. The specimens are kind of far gone, especially #1. I'm very familiar with the juvenile foliage of Podocarpus because its widely used as terrarium/dishgarden plant in the floral trade. But I don't know if it changes as it matures, so I can't say for sure. #2 definitely could be a Zelkova

I'll have to defer to others with regard to the Zelkova, but the first picture looks more like Geijera parviflora aka "Australian Willow," but the leaves are shriveled enough it's hard to say, it could even be something like Acacia maidenii.

It is not a coincidence that your maple is turning color early on the side of the removed arborvitae. With non-conifer trees, usually the branches on one side of the tree are mainly fed by roots on the same side. The maple will be fine. The only other thing done by damaging the roots (besides general stress) is the greater possibility of verticillum wilt infection because of the greater number of wounds as infection points. The wilt enters the tree through the roots. You can't do anything about that anyway, so I wouldn't worry about it. Our ash trees will eventually be wiped out, far worse that the elms with Dutch elm disease. Their tree WILL die, it's only a matter of time. Insecticides can work, but must be applied at least yearly. (I think there is one chemical that can be applied every two years, but it is even more expensive). Unless this is professionally injected into the tree, this is not very environmentally friendly either. I was completely taken aback at a review given on TV by one of the news stations; they were interviewing various tree companies for their advice on ash trees infected by or in danger of FAB. Only one gave removal of the trees as a possible (and preferred) alternative. All the other businesses interviewed only wanted to pump the trees with chemicals (and for coming years without end). The news station was very biased, and went out of the way to how "bad" the advice of removal was. (Who knew that news stations were experts of tree insects?) Complete idiots. My whole point with that story is for you to be careful how you approach the removal option. It is what I would do. The tree will only get larger in time, and more costly to remove. I wonder . . . if the tree becomes infected, does the city remove it free of charge? Or is the home owner billed?

It's difficult to see but it appears in some of the pictures that these trees are mulched above the flare which could be contributing to why you have so many shallow on the ground roots. In the last picture it almost looks like there's black plastic around the base of the trees. The mulched areas should never be above the root flare and nothing else should be either, it's strangling to the trees. The tree will be forced to put out those shallow roots which can girdle it.