I have not found pruning cuts to be especially likely points of new infection. I also don't have any reason to believe dormant callusing would protect against BK given that peaches protect themselves better form canker when pruned during growth. My own strategy is to prune plums early (now, late winter) to remove as much innoculum as possible before the fungus becomes active. The black knot wounds themselves are where I'm likely to get new or re infection. I then prune them out several times (whenever I see galls) during the season at problem sites and have mostly got things under control after a couple of very difficult years.

As I blogged, this method really seems most appropriate for dormant to semi dormant wood. Material which has gone through the "winter" and contains sufficient stored nutrients to permit it to break dormancy, or what it normally endures as 'dormancy' in its climate. Material used from too late in the year, in too active a growth state seems to not contain the required stored resources to permit it to root. It rots or simply refuses to root, instead. In retrospect, the material I had such success with after the initial batches, earlier this year, was mostly of the wood grown the previous year, which had gone through its winter "rest", with any nutrients the rose stored for later use. My thought is that wood grown this year, material in a more active state of growth, simply does not contain a reserve of nutrients to enable it to succeed in the wrapping method. That kind of material is more suited for mist propagation and other methods people have found successful over the spring through early fall with newer growth in their climates. I haven't seen evidence that refrigerating the material is successful. Most refrigerators are set about twenty degrees too low for the cuttings to callus. Instead, they appear to store like fresh produce, rather than differentiate and form new plants. That would be an excellent method of storing bud wood for next year's use, and is, in fact, very similar to how it's commercially stored, but not for rooting the cuttings. My best suggestion and what I plan to do, is to wait until closer to the end of "winter" when material which has hardened off (or hardened as much as can be expected in my climate) is available, then resume wrapping. Here, that appeared to continue being successful until nearly June, but that was last year with a very mild, later spring in comparison to most "normal" years. You are welcome to use whatever method you wish, but my suggestion is to wait until late winter, early spring before wrapping anything else, when you should be able to find wood containing the necessary stored nutrients to maintain it while it develops. Years ago, when Arena Roses experienced a high percentage of failure with their bare roots, they determined they were the stock grown in Arizona where a mild winter prevented the roses from shutting down and storing the required nutrients to break into growth when planted. The fields were harvested and shipped, with the majority failing to grow, simply turning black and dying, instead. It's what they called, "the creeping, black death". No pathogen was ever found. Mild weather preventing the roses from storing food, remaining in active growth instead, was the only logical explanation. Your description of what you have experienced with more actively growing material impresses me very much of their experience. Kim

I'm another fan of rice salads. They're very popular also in parts of Spain during hot summers. The ones I've had and made include chopped vegetables such as red and green peppers, cucumbers, raw onions, flaked tuna or chicken, corn niblets, snipped chives or green onions, plenty of S & Pepper and perhaps a bit of a light creamy dressing to hold it together. Good as a lunchbox item too, together with some sliced ham and lettuce! Other room temperature dishes: Ratatouille, Spanish potato & onion tortilla, Russian Salad (ensaladilla rusa), Cold Salmon, Red Potato Salad. Here are some recipes of the above: Ingredients: Sauce: 4 TBS olive oil 4 medium sized ripe tomatoes, blanched, skinned and chopped 1/2 onion chopped 1 teasp salt The rest: 2 medium eggplant - if young and tender - leave skins on, otherwise peel. Slice into rounds 1/4 inch thick. Put immediately in bowl of salted water to prevent turning brown. 4 medium potatoes - peeled or not as you like, also sliced 1/4 inch thick. 5 Italian (mild) green frying peppers - seeded and cut into bit-sized pieces 3 cloves garlic - smashed a sprig of chopped flatleaf parsley oil for frying - I use sunflower oil clean newspaper and kitchen towels Sauce - Put the 4 TBS olive oil in a small frying pan and heat. Add chopped tomatoes, onion and salt. Simmer about 20 minutes or until thick and jammy looking. The Rest - 1) Fill large frying pan with about 1/2 inch oil. When hot but not smoking add 1/3 the amount of potatoes. When golden, remove and drain on paper towel-covered newspapers. 2) Continue with the rest of the potatoes - cooking them in two more batches, letting oil heat up again between batches. 3) When potatoes are all done put peppers into hot oil along with garlic cloves and fry until toasted. Remove along with garlic to paper. 4) Drain and pat dry the rounds of eggplant and put them into hot oil and fry in 3 batches - 5) Arrange half the eggplant in the bottom of an ovenproof casserole dish, sprinkle with salt, next layer half the potatoes, again a bit of salt, next layer half the peppers. Repeat with the same ingredients (no more salt) until all are used. and add a bit of chopped parsley. 6) Put into medium oven for about 20 minutes until all is reheated. This is also good served at room temperature and the next day. ******************************** Ingredients for 4 servings: 3 medium potatoes 3 large eggs 1 onion salt 1/2 teasp & pepper to taste olive oil Italian parsley, chopped (optional) I use a 7-inch non-stick pan as it's easy to fill, making a nice high and rounded tortilla which is easy to flip over. 1. Slice potatoes lengthwise once, then slice both pieces thinly into half moons. Chop onions into 1/4 rings. 2. Coat the bottom of the pan with oil and when hot add potatoes. Keep turning so they do not burn or go brown. When golden, remove from pan and set aside in large bowl. NOTE: Some folks prefer to gently boil or steam the potatoes for 5 - 10 minutes rather than fry them. I've seen it done both ways and I also like to do this. 3. Put chopped onion in pan, if necessary add a little more oil and sautuntil soft, without being dark brown. Remove from pan and add to potatoes in bowl. 4. Beat the eggs in a small bowl, add salt & pepper and chopped parsley, and pour over potato & onion mixture in bowl. Turn gently to coat all. 5. Add 2 TBS oil to pan and when hot, pour in the egg, potato and onion mixture. Run the edge of a sharp knife or spatula around the rim of the pan while the egg is setting to loosen the edges. I also poke it several times in the middle to let some of the runny egg seep down to the pan. Don't let it get too dark or burn. 6. When the edges are set and the middle is still half runny hold a plate over the top and flip pan and all over on to the plate and gently slide it back into the pan. Don't overcook as the centre should still be juicy. 7. Let cook a minute or two more on that side, then slide it out onto a plate. 8. Cut into wedges as a luncheon dish, or into small squares with toothpicks to be served on a buffet or as a tapa. Or keep it whole to take on a picnic. The edges should be fat and firmly rounded. If you've never tried making one before, start with a small non-stick pan and when you're an expert move up to a larger pan. A small 7 inch pan will make a nice luncheon omelette for two. ******************************* 4 servings as a side dish, or 6 servings for a good sized tapa. Four or more servings: 1 1/2 lbs (640 grams) potatoes 3/4 cup (100 grams) cooked peas - (I used frozen steamed) 1 tin tuna steak drained - 1/2 lb tin (225 grams) 1 small jar green pitted olives - I bought them stuffed with pimento 1 small roasted red pepper, cored, peeled and cut into strips (I used them from a jar) 2 boiled eggs 2 TBS mayonnaise (I used 3 heaping) 1 TBS mayonnaise thinned with a little milk Salt My option: a dusting of paprika over all 1) Boil the potatoes in their skins until tender. Drain and cool. When cool peel and dice into a large bowl. 2) Add the cooked peas, the olives cut in halves (save a few whole ones for the garnish), the tuna flaked and one of the chopped eggs. Add salt to taste and then combine with the 2 (or 3) TBS mayonnaise 3) Spread the mixture on a platter forming a mound. Cover it completely with the thinned mayonnaise. A large serving spoon helps to coax it into shape. 4) Decorate with the strips of pepper, olives and the rest of the eggs. 5) It will keep in the fridge for a few days, improving with taste. 6) Serve with crusty bread. Again - - Seen from above. My notes: You may want to add some more tang to the mayonnaise. If you're a Miracle Whip fan, you may want to use that, or otherwise add a few drops of lemon. Taste first. I steamed the potatoes with salt, but you still need to add some with the mayonnaise. I found the best way to add a slight dusting of paprika is to shake it into your hand and then blow it gently over the salad. ****************************** Prep time: 20 minutes Cooking time: 15 minutes Makes: 8 servings Ingredients for Salmon: 2 1/2 lbs salmon fillets, cut into 16, 1 inch wide fingers 3 TBSP extra virgin olive oil juice and zest of one lemon 1 garlic clove, finely chopped 1 TBSP chopped fresh dill salt and white pepper to taste lemon slices for garnish 2 to 3 cups baby salad greens Ingredients for Tzatziki Sauce: 1/2 cup yoghurt 1/4 cup sour cream 2 garlic cloves, chopped 1/2 English cucumber, coarsely grated and squeezed of its moisture 1 TBSP fresh dill chopped salt, fresh cracked black pepper and lemon juice to taste Preparation: Salmon can be cooked the night before and served cold the next day. 1. Preheat oven to 400F. Place salmon on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Combine olive oil, lemon juice and zest, garlic and dill in a bowl and brush it over the salmon. 2. Cover salmon with foil and bake for 15 minutes, or until just cooked through. Uncover and cool to room temperature. 3. Cover with plastic wrap, leaving the fish in the pan and put it in the fridge. 4. Combine the tzatziki ingredients in a bowl and store in the fridge until needed. 5. Make a bed of the salad greens on a serving platter, arrange the salmon on top, garnish with lemon slices and serve the tzatziki alongside. Source: Eric Akis Victoria Times Colonist **************************** Serves 4 - 6 9 ounces (250 grams) salmon fillet, skinned 5 TBS extra virgin olive oil 1/2 tsp sea salt 1/2 tsp freshly ground black pepper 9 ounces (250 grams) asparagus (about 16 medium spears), ends trimmed 9 ounces (250 grams) new potatoes, if possible red skinned, cooked and quartered (approx 14 small potatoes  see photo) 1 lb (450 grams) cherry tomatoes, cut in half 3/4 cup (4 oz or 125 grams) crumbled reduced-fat feta cheese 6 spring onions, chopped 4 TBS fresh mint, chopped 3 TBS fresh basil, chopped 3 TBS fresh dill, chopped 10 ounces (300 grams) mixed salad leaves or baby spinach (about 2 small bags) 3 TBS lemon juice 1 tsp lemon zest 1/2 tsp sea salt 1/4 tsp freshly ground pepper 1. Brush the salmon with 1 TBS olive oil and sprinkle with the salt and pepper. Place salmon on an oiled grill over medium-high heat and cook, turning once, about 4 minutes per side, or until the fish is opaque and flakes easily. Remove and set aside on a plate to cool. If preferred, bake salmon in oven at 425F (218C) for about 10 to 12 minutes until it is opaque. Slice asparagus spears diagonally into 1-inch (2.5 cm pieces) and cook in a steam basket placed over a frying pan or pot of boiling water until spears are tender, about 5 minutes. Then rinse them under cool water and set aside. 3. Prepare the vinaigrette by whisking together the remaining 4 TBS of olive oil, lemon juice, zest, salt and pepper. Toss the salad leaves with half the dressing and arrange on a large platter. 4. Once salmon has cooled, break it up into bite-sized pieces and place it in a large bowl, adding the potatoes, tomatoes, asparagus, feta, spring onions and fresh herbs. Add the remaining dressing and toss gently. Spoon this mixture over the salad greens and serve. Source: Adapted from Rick GallopÂs Glycemic Index Diet Green-Light Cookbook *************************** Preparation time: 10 minutes Cooking time: around 12 minutes Serves: 8 2 lbs small new red potatoes, halved or quartered 1 cup mayonnaise 1/4 to 1/3 cup whole grain Dijon mustard 2 TBSP white wine vinegar 1/4 cup snipped fresh chives, plus a bit more for top sprinkles salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste 1. Gently boil potatoes in lightly salted water until tender, 2. Meanwhile, combine mayonnaise, mustard, vinegar and chives in a salad bowl. 3. When potatoes are cooked, drain them well and put into the salad bowl while still hot. 4. Season with salt and pepper and then toss them into the mayonnaise mixture. 5. Cool to room temperature, cover and refrigerate. Adjust seasoning when ready to serve and transfer to a more decorative bowl and sprinkle with a few shopped chives. Source: Eric Akis Victoria Times Colonist SharonCb

Fresh Vietnamese Spring Rolls Rolls: 1 lb cooked shrimp, chicken, or scallops, diced 1/8â 1 cup lettuce shredded then chopped fine 1 cup of bean sprouts, diced 1/4 cup fresh cilantro minced fine 1 cup cooked rice noodles, chopped 1 cup carrots shredded then chopped fine 1/4 cup scallions green and white part, minced fine 30 8â rice paper wrappers (Do not use egg roll/wonton wrappers) Large bowl of hot water for softening rice papers. Note: Depending on how fast you work, the water may need to be changed several times to maintain temperature. Mix first 7 ingredients together for filling. Prepare work surface for rolling spring rolls. I cover the counter with 2 layers of paper towels. Place one rice paper in the hot water. Keep remaining papers in plastic bag or they will stick together. As soon as the rice paper is soft about 30 seconds, remove from water and lay flat on paper towels. Place 2 heaping tablespoons of filling in the center of the rice papers. Fold end of rice paper over filling and pull tight to form log, roll slightly to hold then fold in sides and finish rolling tight. Place rolls seam side down on serving platter. Repeat. Makes 30. Sauce: 1 cup creamy peanut butter 1/2 cup hot water 2 tbs. pickled ginger, minced fine 1/4 cup lite soy sauce 1 tbs. wasabi paste 3 pkts. of Splenda or sugar to taste 1 tsp. garlic minced very fine Whisk together peanut butter, soy sauce and hot water until smooth. Stir in ginger, wasabi paste and garlic and mix well. Refrigerate at least 4 hours before serving for flavors to blend. Stir well before serving.