Study: Humans Have Halved the Number of Trees on Earth
8 years ago
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Use of human urine?
Comments (136)I've been using urine for fertilizer for 20-some-odd years. When used properly it's a fantastic (not to mention - free) organic source of nutrients. To use it 'properly', it's often beneficial to understand that horticulture mainly consists of conditioning soil in order to favor the growth of desired plants. As it seems most people here well understand, anything done to soil will affect its biotic environment and potentials. Knowing the needs, 'likes', and habits of the desired plantings help the grower decide what, and when to make additions and changes to the soil. Since urine is high in nitrogen, it can work well when used in soils where, and when, green growth is desired. Composted (aged) urine is usually lower in nitrogen than fresh, and can be beneficial for boosting levels of phosphorous in soils. Since the bio-availability of nitrogen from fresh urine is very high, dilutions are usually an important consideration (the strength of which can be adjusted for frequency of use and, since urine is extremely water soluble, amount of rain or watering the soil receives.) Another corollary that is important to follow is: unless you are using a VERY high dilution ratio, never fertilize (that includes the use of urine) a dry soil. Using fresh urine in vegetable gardens works best for plants in leafy-green growth stages. For tomatoes and many other fruiting plants, that means prior to the beginning of flowering and fruit set. While some fruiting plants (like zucchini) can handle later growth-stage additions of nitrogen in the form of urine, keep in mind that nutrient and ph balance can easilt be thrown off by the 'over-use' of many soil conditioners and fertilizers. As most gardeners are aware, the nutrient needs and 'likes' of plants is usually measured in N-P-K percentages. Finding the right balance for any planting or bed depends upon having at least a general idea of what you have before you make additions, and the needs and tolerances of the plants being fertilized. Adding too much nitrogen during (or even just before) the fruiting stage of flowering plants such as peppers (a plant well-adapted to sandy soils unable to hold and supply large amounts of available nitrogen) can encourage the green growth of leaves and biomass instead of the fruit the gardener desires. While the buffering capacity of soils differ greatly, a soil test, and knowledge of your individual soil conditions, will help you to get a handle on what additions are 'safe' and appropriate for the planting. Too much nitrogen (in any form, and especially on a dry soil) can 'burn' most any garden plant. Most trees however, can easily handle and benefit from additions of fresh and/or aged urine. Unless a plant is showing signs of nitrogen deficiency, I rarely add urine directly to the soil while the garden is in growth. I'll add it before, and shortly after transplanting, or in some cases seeding, but since young plants can be sensitive to levels of highly-available nutrients and salts, I do not usually put it right up against or 'on' the roots. The idea is to let the roots find it, or let the capillary action of soil moisture disperse it towards the plants. Instead, as i said, I use it on the beds before planting and depending on the crop, just after planting. Then, afterward - during growth - I use it on the 'weeds' (aka... the lawn.) I then collect, or mulch the lawn clippings depending on the needs at the time. Green manure is a good way to sequester and add slower-release nitrogen to soil or compost. Cover crops (especially those for over-winter use) can also use and sequester nitrogen (and thus fresh urine) for later crop availability. Adding a balanced amount to a compost pile can (as many have already commented) also be an extremely beneficial use of urine. Urine from animals differs greatly than that of humans and each species. Urine from cats and dogs can be much too acidic and concentrated for most garden use. Urine from farm animals such as horses and cows can be great additions to soil and compost (especially when gathered by collecting urine-soaked, high-carbon straw or saw dust from barns and sheds.) In short, using urine properly can benefit most any environment. It is a natural part of the Earth's biology and life-cycle. Understanding its strengths and weaknesses can help a grower boost and maintain the healthy biology of any environment. Putting it to work around the house and property can divert what modern society considers a waste, and give the aware gardener another great organic supplement....See MoreHuman Manure....your thoughts
Comments (49)michael, is working the scare monger field it seems, he has unrealistic phobia about what we need to do to help the planet, we do not live in those old time in england where hygiene was the issue and poor health due to poor food regime, the poor scavenged out of bins, the rich ate rotting meat heavily spiced. we had a composting loo and also a bucket system we buried the bucket contents weekly and grew food trees over it, the composting toilet went to gardens etc.,. we shared much food within our extended family and with friends and neighbours. no complaints ever no one got sick let alone deceased like is being suggested, yet you support sewerage being recycled and returned to you and others as drinking water, the humus from the sewerage farm (where all waste goes eg.,. hospital, industrial teh list could go on and on). the humus gets mixed into the composted stuff that people grab from refuse collection points, it gets added into potting mixes and garden supplements, in that stuff from the tip they pour in liquid waste from all sorts of medium industries. so move on hey you are beating a worn out drum, think of the planet that is being raped by gov' and wealthy manipulators do your bit. this fear factor thing has been going for at least 15 years, i have said these words way back then. and guess what we are still here as healthy as ever. and whilst we don't have a composting toilet(would love to have one) i wee in a bucket and we use all our second hand water. the genie is in your thoughts. old england is past history. we have a life....See MoreWhat on earth is this tree?
Comments (2)Sounds like fruits of Juglans ailantifolia var. cordiformis....See MoreHuman impact about to become maximized
Comments (45)Free markets had existed in this country until the 1880's or so when the government started going after the robber barons. It also exists in other parts of the world to a greater degree than here. While we can agree that the government should probably have some influence, it is the extent which is the most debated. IMHO, I do think that the government should intervene to break up monopolies. Monopolies can set prices not based on supply and demand as the free market would dictate, but on an artificial price set by the company. That makes them bad for a free market and creates great inefficiencies because the companies have very little incentive to improve their production, cost structure, innovate new products, etc. A country with a bunch of monopolies (even government run monopolies) will fall behind other countries and regions with more competition. Democracy is inefficient in that decisions cannot be made and implemented arbitrarily like they could under say Stalin and Saddam. In a democracy when someone asks you to jump, you ask why. In a more authoritian regime, the response would be how high. It is true that these regimes tend to be more corrupt and use more violence, but that is part of human nature and is to be expected (sorry, just being realistic). You almost never hear of benevolent dictators either because they don't exist or because someone more violent wants to take their place. A system of representative democracy such as that found in a parlimentary system should be the next step to evolve in this country. Unfortunately, the two parties in power will do everything they can to not let that happen. Of the 535 members of Congress, there are 2 independent members (not R or D's). The parties in power have created almost unsurmountable barriers for independents or third party candidates. In the last election, 98% of the incumbents were reelected. What kind of odds does that give other candidates? Parlimentary systems usually employ proportional representation. In that regard, it reduces disenfranchisement of the population because the votes are allocated in proportion to votes cast for a party. Usually there is a floor set like 10 or 15% to gain entry. There are other differences such as the lack of an executive office and other nuances (no confidence votes, cabinets selected by coalition, prime minister not president has most powers, etc) most of which could not be implemented here without major revisions to the constitution. I attached more information. I for one, am very disenchanted with the 2 parties in power and would like to see other parties such as the Libertarian, Green, the Constitution Party, and others elected to public office. The current parties encompass ideas and supporters who are at odds with each other (in Democrat's case, environmentalists and labor unions). On top of all of these issues, people who are appointed to fill government positions are insiders in the industries they are supposed to regulate. That is why I am against especially the federal government trying to pass these "one size fits all" policies across the country. This country is diverse and it simply doesn't work. I used to be optimistic about goverment interceding and "doing the right thing", however, in the last few years, optimism has turned to reality, and it has sunk in. That doesn't mean I am optimistic, it just means that I have the "I'll believe it when I see it" syndrome. I don't want anyone to get the idea that I am an anarchist or anything. I am an environmentalist at heart and try to do my share to achieve those goals. I am a proponent of finding alternative sustainable energy and reducing our emmissions of greenhouse gases. (I am actually hoping to be in a zero energy home in the next two years). I just have a different approach. Instead of government taking the initiative, I think the initiative should start from the people. Education is key. Also, get rid of any tax credits or incentives that cause people to pollute or look for "traditional energy" in the federal regulations, and leave those decisions to people in the states and the markets to innovate. It is tough to change the mindset of 2 senators from each state and one representative in Congress out of the 535 members in order to change national policy. It is much easier to influence your town, city or state by getting people out of office or pass decisions in local or statewide referendums. Here is a link that might be useful: Parlimentary System Definition...See More- 8 years ago
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Dave in NoVA • N. Virginia • zone 7A