I hope that your 'recipe' doesn't cause problems for the plant. Whatever you do, don't apply it to the bottom of the leaves, where it will clog the pores...most of which can be located on on the underside. The white things are the shed skins of the developing aphids...as they get larger after being birthed, they have to get rid of their exoskeletons along the way.

OK, I too am suffering under the assault--this is a new pest for me; never had them before yet this year, they're here in droves. Here's what I do. I shake them out of the blossoms early in the morning and into my hand and then just roll them between my fingers to squash them. (Let me add that killing ANYTHING is a highly uncharacteristic thing for me to do, but these guys are decimating my plans--not just flowers, but the leaves.) I have found them on zinnia leaves, my cukes, pumpkin, squashes and cataloupes. I have found them on my sunflowers as well. However, they clearly prefer the pumpkin, cukes, squash, melons. My observations are as follows: (1) They congregate inside blossoms, as well as under leaves (look for the ones will a zillion toothmarks!!), inside the new leaves before they have unfurled, and at the base of the plant, at the soil-line; (2) when disturbed, they generally FIRST drop to the ground, THEN fly off; (3) when they drop to the ground, they often head to the base of the plant. They are not that fast. It is like a game to catch and roll them bet. my fingers. I count while I play this game. I have found that a few fly off, but I manage to get most or many on any given "murder spree." I catch the majority of them when the fall to the ground during my attacks. Some I get on the blossoms and on leaves. A quick squish, a heartfelt apology to the bug, and on to the next victim. They do seem more lethergic in the morning. I manage to get 50-100 per day, with 3-4 outings at various points in the day. I have been doing this for over 1 week. I think I MAY be making a dent in their population. I do seem to be seeing fewer than a week ago...but perhaps this has something more to do w/ their lifecycle than my murderous efforts.

Have you pruned the plan, or thrash the leaves to make it feel it is going to die by bugs. If no female flowers by then I don't know what to do?

Looks like a caterpillar to me....a mature pickleworm, to be exact. They infest cucurbits of all kinds, into the fruits and stems, even the leaves. The young caterpillars are green with black dots; perhaps that's what you saw earlier?