Allison - wine mentor? What a cool job that would be. I don't know. I've been drinking wine for years and ask questions all the time. Now that I'm selling it I end up answering a few questions too, but my suggestion is to read and taste. And if you ever get out to NYC, call me. That's serious incidentally. Anyway, I can offer a few suggestions for people. First, don't overlook Beaujolais. It's been producing wine for centuries, mostly for cafes around Lyon, where there were a number of silk merchants. They make a young wine for drinking within a few months and back in the 80s a couple British guys were drinking and made a bet with each other about which one could get the wine to London fastest. That set off a trend for about 10 - 20 years and increased sales of that young Beaujolais. Production shot up and a lot of second rate wine was made to cash in. Then the fad faded, the market crashed, and the area is suffering today. BUT - in the hills around Beaujolais they also have what are called "cru" sites and those are very much worth investigating. For education, bypass the young stuff and look for the crus - they will have a name like Fleurie, Julianas, Morgon, Moulon au Vent, Regnie, or something like that. This area is just south of Burgundy, and some of the winemakers in Burgundy work in both places and you can learn a lot and have fun. Find a producer, say Chermette, or Brun, for example, and sample the wine of the same producer from Fleurie, Morgon and Julianas. Even buy George Dubeouf wines from those places - they are great values and will show you the differences in the soils and environment and microclimates, which the French call "terroir". Because it is the same winemaking, you take that variable out of the equation and presumably taste only the differences that result from the terroir. It's a good lesson and the wine is wonderful, inexpensive, and not high in alcohol. And even try the young Beaujolais just to compare. As a rule it will be simpler, but quite nice. If you can start to understand those, you start to understand what people get excited about when they talk of Burgundy or Piedmont. You can do it with riesling too - they pretty much never use oak barrels in Germany for the rieslings, so you only taste the winemaker and the vineyard. For example, find some Prum - J.J. Prum, S.A. Prum, Weins Prum. They are related family and they make wine from the same vineyard. You can learn about the differences in winemaking. Or or St Urbans Hof and Zillikin who both use the Ockfener Bockstein vineyard and who are probably cheaper than the Prums. Or find a producer who uses multiple vineyards, like St Urbans Hof again, and try their Ockfener Bockstein vs their wine from Piesporter Goldtropfchen, looking at the same winemaker but different vineyards. Try to find Kabinett wines and don't mix Kabinett and Spatlese, etc., for this study, because the sugar will through you off. Write down the differences between the wines that you observe. You can do it in CA too - Andy Beckstoffer owns vineyards that produce really great wines, but those are going to be much more costly than those rieslings are. Schrader for example, is one of many people making wine from the Tokalon property, but you're talking $100 a bottle. The Prums have had their vineyards for years, maybe centuries. Beckstoffer moved to CA from Virginia, bought property, and sells his grapes at a price based on what the winery is going to charge for the wine! So those CA wineries, being pretty new and only recently opened by guys who became millionaires somewhere else and who paid $200,000 and acre, or else whatever Beckstoffer wants per ton, charge a lot of money for their wines, whereas Prum can sell a wine for $26 or less. I love the idea of Two Buck Chuck, but the wine isn't so great IMO. I'd rather pay another dollar and get a better wine and I think they could do it. What you won't have however, is the distinction you get from the other wines I suggested. That's because it is designed specifically NOT to have it. The idea is to create consistency, not personality. Again, no problem here and more power to him, but for me it would be boring to drink the same thing all the time, and I collect wine specifically to have variety. In 2005, the cabernet sauvignon harvest in Napa was pretty big and pretty good. People thinned the crop several times in some vineyards but the grape clusters were large so they still got more tonnage per acre than they normally do, although the wines are top notch anyhow. Prices? Not going anywhere good as far as I can see. As long as wines are selling for $100 and up, the prices aren't coming down. And about that thinning - in France and other regions, there are often regulations regarding yield per acre. They think that if you cut some young grape bunches off, called "green harvesting", the remaining ones will be more concentrated. That's becoming a basic tenet of winemaking. But there is some evidence and some opinion that this is BS. The concept was developed before there were adequate ways to measure. So a long time ago in France they thought they could improve quality by limiting yield. But maybe that's artificial, as illustrated by the 2005 vintage in CA. In a nice warm year, with adequate rain and no heat and healthy vines, the plants just might want to produce a little more with no drop in quality. In 1997 and 2005, that happened in Napa. If one were only to go by yield, we would have less wine but in fact, there was no reason to reduce production since the quality is fine. But as long as people are willing to pay, others will produce wine at $100 and up. In much of France today, they are trying to reduce production to keep prices high. You can figure out the economics of that, but IMO the idea is flawed because the competition is not simply air, it is wine from elsewhere. So if I can't buy or afford French wine, I'll buy Australian wine or Spanish or Chilean. It's a huge generalization and not 100% true, but you might say that in Napa the high prices are the result of extraordinary entry costs while in Bordeaux or Burgundy or Champagne, they are the result of production decisions designed to keep prices high. Again, that's not entirely true but its a shorthand explanation. So you look for areas like Beaujolais, Cotes du Ventoux, Cotes du Rhone, Languedoc in France, or the Rhine in Germany, or Umbira and Puglia in Italy, or Paso Robles or Mendocino in CA, or Walla Walla or Columbia Valley in WA and you can find much better deals. Or look at Argentina - some nice stuff coming out of there. And in the Texas Hill Country, they're working and in Arizona and in other states as well. Some people disparage those wines, but the people have to start somewhere. I used to disparage the wines from Michigan. Then I tried some. Taught me a lesson. I only knew the cheap sugary stuff but there are now some serious producers making good whites on the west of the state. Also in Ohio there are one or two - Kincaid makes really nice cabs down near Kentucky. I would never have believed it if I hadn't tried them. And in fact, they were in some pretty stiff competition - I had them at a dinner with people who brought some serious wine to the table and brought these just to educate us. So if someone is open minded, there is no reason to listen to wine snobs and you can find some great values out there, that are interesting, complex, and even educational if you care to go that way. Cheers all.

g'day alison, can you send me a list via e/mail please? do you know my hotmail account? i don't think sending e/mails through this forum works anymore. my bro' is down the coast so could pick up very easily len Here is a link that might be useful: lens garden page

Thanks very much to those who responded to this question. I have incorporated all the responses into the following email sent to the enquirer. Regards Elizabeth O'Brien Hi Mark, We are writing a response to your question relating to location of native Australian plants which can adapt to high levels of lead (700 - 810 mg/kg) or copper (21-31 mg/kg) within the soil. By searching the web we managed to find two plant species that are native to Australia that can tolerate high levels of lead or copper. According to http://www.ansto.gov.au/ainse/prorep2002/R_02_001p.pdf Stackhousia tryonii (Batianoff et al. 1990) and Hybanthus floribundus (Cole are the two Australian native serpentine-endemic and nickel indicator plant species that have the potential for use in Ni [and possibly lead] phytoremediation/phytoextraction. These species possess a unique ability to hyperaccumulate metals such as Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Co and Mn - to extremely high concentrations in their shoots without showing any symptoms of toxicity. Stackhousia tryonii is a serpentine-endemic, rare, native Australian plant and is reported to hyperaccumulate nickel up to 55,500 mg g-1 on a dry weight basis (Bhatia and Ashwath, 2002). References: Bhatia P and Ashwath N (2004). Somatic embryogenesis in the nickel hyperaccumulating shrub, Hybanthus floribundus (Lindl.) F. Muell. Plant Tissue Cult. 14: 1-7. Bhatia NP, Walsh KB, Orlic I, Siegele R, Ashwath N, Baker AJM (2004). Studies on spatial distribution of nickel in leaves and stems of the metal hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii Bailey using micro-PIXE and EDXS techniques. Functional Plant Biology 31, 1061-1074. We emailed Dr Nanjappa Ashwath at Central Queensland University (n.ashwath@cqu.edu.au) to ask for further info as to availability of these plants in your area and were advised that Stackhousia tryonii only occurs in Central Queensland but that Hybanthus floribundus is found in Western Australia. Since that left us with only one species, we decided to email Men Of The Trees Western Australia - Headquarters, St Barbe Grove Nursery Hazelmere - contact@menofthetrees.com.au - (but Ross the manager didn't know of any copper or lead tolerant plants) and join a forum and post your query on OzPlants (Australian Native Plants) Forum of Garden Web, based in the USA - www.au.gardenweb.com/forums/oznative/ - and phone a few potential sources of further information. We spoke to Frances Borland who has worked on the revegetation of contamination around the Broken Hill lead mine and Frances said: a Masters student from University of NSW whose name I can't remember, from Earth Sciences or Geography was working on which native plants tolerate lead. We found most drought tolerant native plants tolerate heavy metals but not low pH (acidic) soil. Perilya [the owner of the Broken Hill lead mine] may also know about species for revegetation. I'm not sure what effect copper...

Hi Anna, I was wondering which part of Australia you are planning to start out in, it might be worthwhile posting this so that people in that area could give you some ideas about places to check out. Other than the botanic gardens in canberra, the other botanic gardens I have visited here have dissappointed me with their limited displays of natives. I prefer to just get out in the bush, that way you can see things unique to the area you are in, and get the opportunity to see birds, animals, butterflies and insects as well. Good Luck wwoofing too. I had a great time wwoofing in Denmark. BTW, for others interested in experiencing wwoofing, you don't need to be an overseas visitor to go wwoofing, anyone can do it, pretty much anywhere. cheers, mudlark