Looks like spring is starting in the South-Central part of the country, hopefully spreading eastward and northward! It's hard to asseess overall damage yet here. Nothing is really waking up, except Acer saccharinum and rubrum, and witchhazel. Even the forsythias and daffodils are still mostly not yet blooming. I even have some Dutch crocuses (in mostly shade until the sun angle is a bit higher) not blooming yet. The Cedrus deodaras around here are a bit yellowish at the tips but appear alive. Some other conifers also have some slight yellowing or browning. Especially Pinus and Cryptomeria. A little Acer palmatum I have does appear to have a bit of tip dieback, but it had a very late flush last summer (Aug/Sept) that didn't even defoliate until they were frozen off, so that was to be expected. Pyrus calleryana does show bud swell, and appears to have not been damaged from our several deep freezes this month. My wife's rosemary, however, is toast.

Alex, there is an extremely talented gardener here in my area who has done some gardening similar to your zone - although I haven't seen her posting in the last few months. I attached a thread she responded to a while back about growing hydrangea in the Laguna area. 'Macs' - hydrangea macrophylla. But, be warned, if you are not seeing them at all in your own neighborhood, there may be a reason. The florist type hydrangeas you mention are varieties of hydrangea macrophylla. Sometimes they are perfectly acceptable planted in the garden in mild zones like my own 8b....after being acclimated to being outdoors, these are greenhouse grown plants. The problem with them is they have been bred and raised for the flower trade, and grown under a strict regime of fertilizers, hormones, lighting and temps so that they will bloom to coincide with particular dates, like Valentines Day, Mothers Day etc....often grown with no regard to long term plant health. Sometimes they recover from the treatment and do well, other times they do not. If you were to receive one as a gift, I'd say go for it and plant, but if you have a choice, choose regular nursery stock, not florists stock for your garden. Your seed choices look good with a couple of exceptions. Hellebores sown in Feb may take 15 - 18 months to germinate. They need to experience a period of warm moist, followed by a somewhat lengthy moist chill, then will germinate while conditions are still cool. If I sow them fresh by Aug/Sept, I will have germination approx March into April. If you were to ask around June, someone could probably send you fresh seed (like me) that you could sow - much more reliable than dried commercial seed. Alstroemeria can be similar, they self sow like crazy in my garden, can be stubborn or at least very slow (many months) from dried commercial seed. And do you know they go dormant around August, leaving a blank space in your garden? The hummingbirds love them while present, but they spread, become a little messy, disappear until Fall rains begin or the weather cools. Here is a link that might be useful: Hydrangea, California

Greetings Everyone! I just wanted to say thanks to all of you who replied to my post... seriously, I can't express just how thrilled I am to have recieved such a positive and encouraging response from such a welcoming and friendly bunch! And what great, practical advice, too! You guys are really something. Thanks a million. Taking into consideration what was mentioned, I spent a couple hours out in the garden today just looking at it and turning ideas around in my head. I've come up with a loose gameplan that puts prepping the soil at the very top of my to-do list, and my husband is happy to do all the hard work for me... I just have to tell him what to do (I like that!). Before letting myself get too engrossed in choosing what flowers to use, I thought it would be practical to also roughly outline where I want my beds to be, etc. We are backed by a big forest that we frequently take walks in and it occured to me during today's excursion that all of the big pine branches littering the ground would serve perfectly as temporary flower bed markers... free, and sturdy enough to stay put during the winter. How nice is that?! Tomorrow, hubby and I will haul some to the garden and test them out. We also brainstormed ideas of what we'd like to be able to do in our garden space. Along with all the flowers, it will be nice to have a bit of functional usage so that we can better enjoy our garden and warm spring and summer evenings out in it. We thought a small patio area would be useful; a place to put a table and chairs, as well as a barbecue, and so that will be factored into the planning of the garden layout, too. We found the best place to lay a small vegetable/herb garden, and will make sure to mark that as well. So, once we mark the positions of the beds, patio and garden, as well as account for walking paths, I can get into the actual planning of the beds... what flowers to use where, what colors, textures and heights would be appropriate for the space and the amount of sun exposure, etc. I can do all of the 'fun stuff' (ogling flower pictures and dreaming of color.. yay!) here in the house, as I'll make sure to make a detailed sketch of the garden arrangement once we've laid the main design out. I don't think I'll actually begin the seed sowing until around February, or so. The winter starts out quite rough here and I think I'll have too much going on with the new baby, but from what of WS I've read it sounds like I'll be able to sow when I feel like it and when I'm able, rather than having to meet a strict deadline, etc. I'm happy for the flexibility. So, soil will be prepared asap, and I'll also pop my spring-blooming bulbs into the ground once it's been roughed up by my husband. Then the beds and other such features will be mapped out and marked. After that, the only thing that I'm really needing to focus on is saving containers and choosing seeds... atleast until the actual sowing begins! Speaking of containers, I think I've got just the ticket... Here in Finland, raw meat is sold in these sturdy plastic containers - as opposed to the styrafoam trays - that I've found extremely reusable in a lot of ways. I've been exasperated over these containers, though, because they just kept accumulating and piling everywhere and I wasn't able to use them up fast enough. I thought it such a shame to waste such good containers, but because they were clogging all the space in the kitchen I've just been throwing them out. Apparently, that's what everyone here does. You keep a few for leftovers and such, and the rest find themselves in the trash... that's a lot of plastic, though! Every kind of meat is sold this way, so we wind up getting atleast 3 or 4 each week... Well, I'm not throwing them away anymore! WS has solved my dilemma with these plastic containers and my guilty conscience is now eased. They will be perfect and from simply buying groceries each week I'll be able to stockpile a huge load of them, not to mention the fact that I can start having the In-Laws save their meat containers for me, too! Here is a photo of what I had just sitting in my cupboard: One quick question... Any ideas about what to cover my containers with? I don't think regular plastic wrap will be sturdy enough and the majority of the containers are too big to be put in baggies. I'm sure some of you have got suggestions about what to cover these topless containers with. I'd appreciate any ideas! O, people, you all have got me so excited that I am just jumping up and down... My husband thinks I'm out of my mind, but he's on board with this thing, too! I know having the baby will make this much more of a challenge, but I'm so thankful my husband will here at home through March (working on translating a book from Finnish to English). He's vowed to help me with everything as much as he can - both the baby and WS, lol! - and I do all my work from home regularly (I'm a jewelry maker), so I don't have to worry about trying to fit all of this into the perameters of a 9-5 job. Whew! I stumbled upon WS at just the right time. :) I was really quite worried about doing this garden when I didn't know anything about WS. The Home & Garden stores here here are super expensive - most everything is much more expensive than in the US - and so I was thinking I'd have to build the garden just a little bit each season... maybe after YEARS I'd have something close to what I was hoping for, right? Ha, well now it seems I'll achieve my goal a lot faster, much less costly, and in a way that seems like so much more fun! I feel quite confident right now about taking this on, (heck, I just spent almost two hours reading the whole FAQ, as well as trudi's website!!!), and I'm sure if I have any problems, questions or concerns, that I can get just the answers and advice I need, as well as moral support, from this great forum. Thanks again everyone for advising me and I'll keep updating my progress, as well as reading the posts in the forum and trying to participate as much as I'm able. stage_rat - That 'Maltese Cross' plant you suggested looks fantastic! I wasn't familiar with it and when I googled an image of it my breath just caught in my chest. That color is exquisite! I simply must get some, and from what I read it's a native of Russia and Siberia, so I think it will do more than fine in this much 'milder' region. Thanks for introducing me to a new plant that I just gotta have! And, thanks to everyone else who suggested particular plants to try. I'm considering everyone's advice, and I just love trying new things!

The list below are plants that have all been found growing and thriving in the wild of the most coldest gardening regions. Many have hybrids that have been bred from them...these hybrids generally will be able to also grow in the same plant zones and survive the same long and bitter winters. Please do research them if you're unsure of their hardiness in your particular zone or region, and as always, with any seeds that you're unsure can be Winter Sown in your region save some seeds to start indoors. Good luck to all! Trudi ============== Abronia fragrans - sand verbena Acer grandidentatum - canyon maple Acer negundo - box elder Acer pensylvanicum - striped maple Acer rubrum - red maple Acer saccharinum - silver maple Acer saccharun - sugar maple Aconitum columbianum - Columbian monkshood Aconitum delphiniiflium - northern monkshood Actaea pachypoda - white baneberry Actaea racemosa var. racemosa - black cohosh Actea rubra - red baneberry Ageratina altissima var. altissima - white snakeroot Aletris farinosa - white colic root Allium canadense - meadow garlic Allium cernuum - nodding onion Allium stellatum - prairie onion Allium tricoccum - wild leek Alnus serrulata - brookside elder Alnus viridis ssp. crispa - green alder, Sitka alder Amelanchier alnifolia - Saskatoon serviceberry Amelanchier canadensis - Canadian serviceberry Amelanchier laevis - Allegheny service-berry Amorpha fruticosa - false indigo-bush Anaphalis margaritacea - pearly everlasting Andromeda polifolia - bog-rosemary Andropogon gerardii - big bluestem Anemone canadensis - Canadian anemone Anemone cylindrica - long-head thimbleweed Anemone mutifida - Pacific anemone Anemone quinquefolia - wood anemone Anemone narcissiflora - narcissus-flowered anemone Anemone virginiana - tall anemone Antennaria ssp. - pussytoes Apocynum androsaemifolium - spreading dogbane Apocynum cannabinum - Indian hemp Aquilegia canadensis - red columbine Aquilegia formosa - scarlet columbine Aquilegia jonesii - blue limestone columbine Aralia nudicaulis - wild sarsparilla Aralia racemosa - American spikenard Arctostaphylos alpina - black bearberry Arctostaphylos patula - green-leaf manzanita Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - red bearberry Arisaema draconitum - green dragon Arisaema triphyllum - jack-in-the-pulpit Armeria maritima - sea thrift Arnica alpina - alpine arnica Arnica cordifolia - heartleaf arnica Arnica latifolia - mountain arnica Artemesia frigida - prairie sagebrush Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris - sylvan goatsbeard Asarum canadense - Canadian wild ginger Asarum caudatum - long-tail wild ginger Asclepias incarnata - swamp milkweed Asclepias speciosa - showy milkweed Asclepias sullivantii - prairie milkweed Asclepias tuberosa - butterfly milkweed Asclepias verticillata - whorled milkweed Asimina triloba - common pawpaw Astragalus canadensis - Canadian milk-vetch Astriplex canascens - four-wing saltbrush Baptisia alba - white wild indigo Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea - plains wild indigo Balsamorrhiza sagittata - arrow-leaf balsamroot Betula nigra - river birch Betula papyrifera - paper birch Betula populifolia - gray birch Blephilia ciliata - downy pagoda-plant Bouteloua curtipendula - side-oats grama Bouteloua gracillis - blue grama Bouteloua hirsuta - hairy grama Bromus kalmi - prairie brome Buchloe dactyloides - buffalo grass Calla palustris - water arum Calochortus macrocarpus - sagebrush mariposa-lily Calochortus nuttali - mariposa-lily Caltha leptosepula - white marsh-marigold Caltha palustris - yellow marsh-marigold Caltha palustris var. palustris - marsh-marigold Calylophus serrulatus - yellow evening primrose Camassia quamash - common camas Camassia scillioides - Atlantic camas Campanula rotundifolia - bluebell-of-Scotland Campanula scouleri - pale bellflower Campanulastrum americanum - American bellflower Cardamine concatenata - cut-leaf toothwort Cardamine diphylla - two-leaved toothwort Carex stipata - stalk-grain sedge Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Carya alba - mockernut hickory Carya ovata - shag-bark hickory Castilleja applegatei ssp. martini - desert paintbrush Castilleja caudata - pale Indian paintbrush Castilleja coccinea - scarlet Indian paintbrush Castilleja linariifolia - wyoming Indian paintbrush Castilleja miniata - great red Indian paintbrush Castilleja parviflora - mountain Indian paintbrush Castilleja rhexiifloia - rosy Indian paintbrush Castilleja sessiliflora - great plains Indian paintbrush Caulophyllum thalictroides - blue cohosh Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea Ceanothus herbaceus - prairie redroot Ceanothus velutinus - mountain balm Celtis occidentalis - common hackberry Cephalanthus occidentalis - common buttonbush Cercis canadensis - redbud Cercocarpus montanus - mountain mahogany Chamaecrista fasciculata - partridge pea Chamaecrista nicitans - sensitive pea Chamerion angusitfolium ssp. angustifolium - willow herb Chamerion latifolium - dwarf fireweed Chelone glabra - white turtlehead Claytonia caroliniana - Carolina springbeauty Claytonia lanceolata - lance-leaf springbeauty Claytonia virginica - springbeauty Clematis columbiana - purple virgin's bower Clematis hirsutissima - leather flower Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis - purple clematis Clematis virginiana - virgin's bower Cleome lutea - yellow spider-flower Cleome serrulata - rocky mountain beeplant Clethra alnifolia - coastal sweet-pepperbush Clintonia borealis - yellow bluebead lily Clintonia uniflora - bride's bonnet Collinsia canadensis - citronella horsebalm Collomia linearis - narrow-leaf mountain trumpet Commelina erecta - white-mouth dayflower Comptonia peregrina - sweet fern Coptis trifolia - three-leaf goldthread Coreopsis lanceolata - lance-leaved coreopsis Coreopsis palmata - stiff coreopsis Coreopsis tinctoria - plains coreopsis Cornus alternifolia - alternate-leaf dogwood Cornus canadensis - Canadian bunchberry Cornus florida - flowering dogwood Cornus racemosa - gray dogwood Cornus sericea - red-twig dogwood Corydalis sempervirens - pale corydalis Crataegus mollis - downy hawthorn Crataegus sericea - hawthorn Dalea candida var. candida - white prarie-clover Dalea purpurea var. purpurea - purple prairie-clover Dasiphora fruiticosa ssp. floribunda - golden hardhack Decodon verticillatus - swamp loosestrife Delphinium bicolo - little larkspur Delphinium carolianum ssp. virescens - prairie larkspur Delphinium glaucum - tower larkspur Delphinium nuttallianu - two-lobe larkspur Desmanthus illnoensis - prairie bundle-flower Desmodium canadense - showy tick-trefoil Desmodium illinoense - Illinoise tick-trefoil Dicentra canadensis - squirrel corn Dicentra cucullaria - dutchman's-breeches Dodecathon amethystinum - amethyst shooting star Dodecathon meadia - shooting star Dodecatheon jeffreyi - Jeffrey's shootingstar Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata - flat-top aster Dryas drummondi i- yellow mountain avens Dryas octopetala - white mountain avens Dyssodia spp. - dyssodia Echinacea angustifolia - narrow-leaved purple coneflower Elaeagnus commutata - wolf willow Elymus canadensis - Canadian wild rye Empetrum nigrum - black crowberry Epigaea repens - trailing arbutus Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa - rabbitbrush Erigeron compositus - alpine daisy Erigeron divergens - spreading fleabane Erigeron peregrinus - coastal fleabane Erigeron pulchellus - robin's plantain Erigeron speciosus - aspen fleabane Erigionum umbellatum - sulfur-flowered wild buckwheat Eriophyllum linatum - Oregon sunshine Eryngium yuccifolium - button snakeroot Erysimum capitatum - prairie rocket Erythronium albidum var. albidum - white trout lily Erythronium americanum - American trout lily Erythronium grandiflorum - dogtooth violet Eunonymus atropurpea - burning bush Eunonymus obovata - running eunonymus Eupatorium fistulosum - joe-pye-weed Eupatorium maculatum - spotted joe-pye-weed Eupatorium occidentale - western joe-pye-weed Eupatorium perfoliatum - common joe-pye-weed Eupatorium purpureum - sweet scented joe-pye-weed Euphorbia corollata - flowering spurge Euphorbia marginata - snow-on-the-mountain Eurybia macrophyllus - large leaf wood-aster Eurybia sibirica - Siberian wood-aster Euthamia graminifolia - flat-top goldenrod Filipendula rubra - queen-of-the-prairie Fragaria virginiana - wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetal - western alpine strawberry Fraxinus americana - white ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica - green ash Fritillaria pudica - yellow mission bells Gaillardia aristata - great blanket-flower Galium boreale - northern bedstraw Galium triflorum - fragrant bedstraw Gaultheria procumbens - eastern teaberry Gaura coccinea - scarlet gaura Gaylussacia baccata - black huckleberry Gentiana andrewsii - closed bottle gentian Gentiana calycosa - Rainier pleated gentian Gentiana clausa - bottle gentian Gentiana crinita - greater fringed gentian Gentiana saponaria - soapwort gentian Gentianopsis crinita - greater fringed-gentian Geranium carolinianum - Carolina cranesbill Geranium erianthum - northern cranesbill Geranium maculatum - spotted cranesbill Geranium viscosissimum - sticky purple cranesbill Geum rivale - water avens Geum triflorum - prairie smoke Glycyrrhiza lepidota - American licorice Gymnocladus dioicus - Kentucky coffee tree Grayia spinosa - spiny hop-sage Gutierrezia sarothrae - broom snakeweed Hamamelis virginiana - American witch hazel Hedysarum alpinum - alpine sweet-broom Helenium autumnale - fall sneezeweed Helianthus annuus - common sunflower Helianthus giganteus - giant sunflower Helianthus maximilliani - Maximillion sunflower Helianthus paucilflorus ssp paucilflorus - stiff sunflower Helianthus petiolaris - prairie sunflower Helianthus strumosus - woodland sunflower Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem artichoke Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora - showy false goldeneye Heliopsis helinathoides - ox-eye sunflower Hepatica nobilis var. acuta - sharp-lobed hepatica Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa - round-lobed hepatica Heterotheca villosa var. villosa - golden-aster Heuchera americana - American alumroot Heuchera parvifolia - little-leaf alumroot Holodiscus discolor - mountain spray Houstonia caserulea - Quaker ladies Hydrastis canadensis - goldenseal Hydrophyllum virginianum - Virginia waterleaf Hymenoxys hoopesii - owl's-claws Hypericum prolificum - shrubby St. John's-wort Hypoxis hirsuta - eastern yellow star-grass Ilex verticillata - common winterberry Illiamna rivularis - streambank wild hollyhock Ipomoea leptophylla - bush morning-glory Ipopmopsis aggregata ssp. aggregata - scarlet gilia Jeffersonia diphylla - twinleaf Juglans nigra - black walnut Kalmia angustifolia - sheep laurel Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Kalmia polifolia - bog laurel Koeleria macrantha - prairie koeler's grass Krascheninnikovia lanata - winterfat Ledum groenlandicum - rusty Labrador tea Leersia orysoides - rice cut grass Lepidium montanum - mountain pepperwort Lewisia reviviva - oregon bitter-root Liatris aspera - tall gayfeather Liatris punctata - dotted gayfeather Liatris pycnostachya - prairie blazingstar Liatris spicata - dense gayfeather Lillium canadense - Canadian lily Lillium columbianum - wild tiger lily Lillium michiganense - Michigan lily Lillium phildephicum - wood lily Lindera benzoi n- northern spicebush Linnaea borealis - American twinflower Linum lewisii var. lewissi - blue flax Linum rigidum - large-flower yellow flax Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip-tree Lithospermum canascens - hoary puccoon Lithospermum caroliniense - hairy puccoon Lithospermum incisum - friged gromwell Lobelia cardinalis - Cardinal flower Lobelia siphilitica - great blue lobelia Lobelia spicata - pale-spike lobelia Loiseleuria procumbens - alpine azalea Lonicera ciliosa - orange honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata - bearberry honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens - coral honeysuckle Luetkea pectinata - Alaska spirea Lupinus caudatus - Kellogg's spurred lupine Lupinus nootkaensis - Nootka lupine Lupinus perennis - wild lupine Lupinus polyphyllus - meadow lupine Lysimachia ciliata - fringed yellow-loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia - prairie loosestrife Lysichiton americanus - yellow skunk-cabbage Macaerathera tanacetifolia - tansy aster Mahonia aquifolium - holly-leaf oregon grape Mahonia repens - creeping Oregon grape Maianthemum canadense - Canadian mayflower Maianthemum dilatatum - two-leaf false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum - false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum - starry false Solomon's-seal Malus ioensis - prairie crabapple Mentzelia laevicaulis - giant blazingstart Menyanthes trifoliata - buck-bean Mertensia ciliata - mountain bluebells Mertensia virginica - Virginia bluebells Mimulus guttatus - golden monkey-flower Mimulus lewisii - great purple monkey-flower Mimulus primuloides - primrose monkey flower Minuartia arctica - arctic stitchwort Minuartia obtusiloba - alpine stitchwort Mitchella repens - partridge berry Mitella diphylla - two-leaf bishop's-cap Monarda fistulosa - Oswego tea Monarda punctata ssp. punctata var. villicaulis - horsemint Morella pensylvanica - northern bayberry Myosotis asiatica - Asian forget-me-not Myrica gale - sweetgale Napaea dioica - glade mallow Nuphar lutea - cow-lily Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala - pond-lily Nymphea odorata - American white water-lily Nyssa slyvatica - black gum Oenothera albicaulis - pale evening primrose Oenothera biennis - common evening primrose Oenothera caespitosa - tufted evening primrose Oenothera flava - long-tube evening primrose Oenothera nuttallii - Nuttall's evening primrose Oenothera rhombipetala - diamond-petal evening primrose Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum - stiff goldenrod Opuntia humifusa - prickly pear Opuntia polycantha - plains prickly-pear Ostrya viginiana - eastern hop-hornbeam Oxytropis campestris - northern yellow locoweed Packera aurea - golden ragwort Packera cana - gray ragwort Packera obovata - round leaf groundsel Packera paupercula - northern ragwort Packera plattensis - prairie ragwort Panicum virgatum - wand panic grass Parthenium integrifolium - wild feverfew Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia creeper Pedicularis groenlandica - bull elephant's-head Pedicularis verticillata - whorled lousewort Penstemon albidus - red-line penstemon Penstemon angustifolius - whorled penstemon Penstemon deustus - hot-rock penstemon Pentsemon digitalis - foxglove beardtongue Penstemon fruticosa - shrubby penstemon Penstemon gracilis - slender penstemon Penstemon grandiflorus - large-leaved penstemon Penstemon hirsutus - hairy beardtongue Penstemon pallidus - pale beardtongue Petrophtyon caespitosum - Rocky Mountain rockmat Phacelia serica - purplefringe Philadelphus lewisii - California mock orange Phlox andicola - plains phlox Phlox diffusa - spreading phlox Phlox divaricata ssp. laphamii - sweet william Phlox glaberrima ssp. interior - marsh phlox Phlox longifolia - long-leaved phlox Phlox pilosa - downy phlox Phlox speciosa ssp. occidentalis - showy phlox Phragmites australis - common reed Phyllodoce empetriformis - pink mountain-heath Physocarpus opulifolius - Atlantic ninebark Physotegia virginiana - obediant plant Platanus occidentalis - American sycamore Podophyllum peltatum - may apple Polemonium occidentale - western Jacob's ladder Polemonium pulcherrimum - alpine Jacob's ladder Polemonium reptans - Greek valerian Polemonium viscosum - sticky Jacob's ladder Populus balsamifera - balsam poplar Populus deltoides - eastern cottonwood Populus tremuloides- quaking aspen Porteranthus trifoliatus - bowman's root Potentilla arguta - prairie cinquefoil Potentilla glandulosa - sticky cinquefoil Potentilla nivea - snowy cinquefoil Potentilla simplex - common cinquefoil Potentilla occidentalis - western pasqueflower Potentilla patens ssp. multifida - pasqueflower Prenanthes alba - white rattlesnake-root Prunus nigra - Canadian plum Prunus serotina - black cherry Prunus virginiana - choke cherry Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium - blunt-leaf rabbit tobacco Ptelea trifoiata - common hoptree Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida - pasqueflower Pyrola asarifolia - pink wintergreen Pyrola elliptica - shinleaf Quercus alba - northern white oak Quercis coccinea - scarlet oak Quercus macrocarpa - burr oak Quercus michauxii - swamp chestnut oak Quercus muehlenbergii - Chinkapin oak Quercis palustris - pin oak Quercus rubra - northern red oak Ranunculus abortivus - early wood buttercup Ranunculus alismifolius - meadow buttercup Ranunculus cardiophyllus - heart-leaf buttercup Ranunculus fascicularis - tufted buttercup Ranunculus occidentalis - western buttercup Ratibida columnifera - red-spike Mexican hat Ratibida pinnat a- grey-head Mexican hat Rhexia virginica - meadow beauty Rhodiola integrifolia ssp integrifolia - rosewort Rhododendron canadense - rhodora Rhododendron maximum - great laurel Rhododendron periclymenoides - pink azalea Rhododendron prinophyllum - early azalea Rhododendron viscosum - swamp azalea Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac Rhus copallinum - winged sumac Rhus glabra - smooth sumac Rhus typhina - staghorn sumac Ribes aureum - golden currant Ribes aureum var. villosum - buffalo currant Ribes laxiflorum - trailing black currant Rosa acicularis - wild rose Rosa arkansana var. suffulta - praire rose Rosa carolina - Carolina rose Rosa nutkana - Nootka rose Rosa palustris - swamp rose Rosa setigera var. tomentosa - Illinois rose Rosa woodsii - Wood's rose Rubus odoratus - thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus - western thimble-berry Rubus spectabillis - salmon rasberry Rudbeckia hirta - black-eyed susan Rudbeckia laciniata - cut-leaf coneflower Rudbeckia triloba - brown-eyed susan Ruellia humilis - fringe-leaf wild petunia Sabatia angularis - rose-pink Sagittaria latifolia - arrowhead Salix discolor - pussy willow Sambucus nigra ssp. caerula - black elder Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis - common elder Sambucus racemosa var. racemose - scarlet elder Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens var. arborescens - coastal red elderberry Sanguinaria canadensis - bloodroot Sassafras albidum - sassafras Saururus cernuus - lizard's tail Saxifraga bronchialis - yellow-spot saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia - purple mountain saxifrage Schizachyrium scoparium - little false bluestem Sedum ternatum - woodland stonecrop Senecio pseudoarnica - seabeach senecio Shepherdia argentea - silver buffalo-berry Shepherdia canadensis - russet buffalo-berry Silene acaulis - moss campion Silene douglasii - seabluff catchfly Silene stellata - starry campion Silphium integrifolium - entire-leaf rosinweed Silphium laciniatum - compass plant Silphium perfoliatum - cup plant Sisyrinchium albidum - white blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium - narrow leaf blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium campestre - prairie blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum - strict blue-eyed grass Solidago caesia - wreath goldenrod Solidago canadensis - Canadian goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis - zigzag goldenrod Solidago juncea - plume goldenrod Solidago missouriensis - Missouri goldenrod Solidago multiradiata - Rocky Mountain goldenrod Solidago nemoralis - gray goldenrod Solidago odora - anise scented goldenrod Solidago rugosa - rough leaved goldenrod Solidago sempervirens - seaside goldenrod Solidago speciosa - showy goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia - elm-leaf goldenrod Sorbus americana - American mountain ash Sorbus scopulina - Cascade mountain ash Sorghastrum nutans - yellow Indian grass Spartina pectinata - prairie cord grass Sphaeralcea coccinea - scarlet globe-mallow Spirea alba - white meadowsweet Spirea alba var. latifolia - meadowsweet Spirea douglass - western spirea Spirea splendens var. splendens - subalpine spirea Spirea stevenii - Alaska spirea Spirea tomentosa - steeplebush Sporobolus heterolepis - prairie dropseed Stanleya pinnata - golden prince's-plume Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus - rosy twistedstalk Stylophorum diphyllum - celandine poppy Symphoricarpos orbiculatus - coral berry Symphyotrichum ascendens - Pacific aster Symphyotrichum drummondii var. drummondii - arrow aster Symphyotrichum divaricatum - white wood aster Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides - heath aster Symphyotrichum foliaceum var. foliceum - leafy aster Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve - smooth aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae - New England American aster Symphyotrichum oblongifolium - aromatic American aster Symphyotrichum oolentagiense - sky-blue American aster Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum - frost aster Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum - swamp aster Symphyotricum sericeum - western silver American aster Symplocarpus foetidus - skunk cabbage Tellima grandiflora - fragrant fringecup Tephrosia virginiana - goat's rue Tetraneuris acaulis var. acaulis - butte marigold Tetraneuris grandiflora - alpine sunflower Thalictrum dascycarpum - purple meadow rue Thalictrum dioicum - early meadow rue Thalictrum pubescens - king-of-the-meadow Thalictrum thalictroides - rue anemone Thermopsis montana - golden pea Tiarella cordifolia - heart-leaf foam flower Tiarella trifoliata var. unifoliata - western foamflower Tilia americana - American linden Townsendia exscapa - Easter daisy Tradescantia bracteata - long-bract spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis - prairie spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis - Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana - Virginia spiderwort Tridens flavus - tall redtop Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis - starflower Trillium cernuum - nodding trillium Trillium erectum - purple trillium Trillium grandiflorum - large flowered trillium Trillium ovatum - western wakerobin Trillium undulatum - painted wakerobin Trollius laxus - American globeflower Typha latifolia - broad-leaf cattail Ulmus americana - American elm Uvularia grandiflora - large flowered bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia - merrybells Vaccinium angustifolium - late lowbush blueberry Vaccinium caespitosum - dwarf blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum - highbush blueberry Vaccinium ulignosum - alpine blueberry Vaccinum vitis-idaea - lingonberry Valeriana sitchensis - Sitka valerian Verastrum californicum - California false hellebore Verbena hastata - blue verbena Verbena stricta - hoary verbena Veronicastrum virginicum - culver's root Viburnum acerifolium - maple-leaf arrow-wood Viburnum edule - moosewood viburnum Viburnum lantanoides - hobblebush Viburnum prunifolium - smooth blackhaw Viola affinis - sand violet Viola canadensis - Canadian white violet Viola glabella - smooth yellow violet Viola labradorica - American dog violet Viola langsdorfii - Alaska violet Viola missouriensis - Missouri violet Viola palmata - early blue violet Viola pedata - bird-foot violet Viola pedatifida - prairie violet Viola pubescens - downy yellow violet Viola rostrata - long-spur violet Wyethia amplexicaulis - northern mule-ears Xerophyllim tenax - western turkeybeard Xyris ssp. - yellow-eyed grass Yucca glauca - soapweed glauca Zizia aurea - golden alexanders