Mike, I suggest that the subject being positive fiscal outcomes from publicly-owned assets combined with a word limit is the source of your consternation. Nonetheless, all of Greg's work details the infrastructure conflicts you mentioned - I have several Proceedings full of all that detail. The positive net benefits include the costs of conflicts to gray infrastructure and costs for maintenance. That is: the costs have already been calculated and still net benefits are conferred. The other things you mentioned all are due to improper placement or poor infrastructure, and not inherent in the trees ecosystem functioning themselves. Lastly, everyone calculates the decreased solar gain for the net of heating and cooling benefits (the canopy also causes turbulence in winter which disrupts airflow and slows heat loss in building envelopes). HTH. Dan

Food, I didn't bring up CC vs BS, scroll up, it was deeageaux. In most basic terms, Sig Sigma is a business methodology that looks at defect rates in processes. A typical metric is "defects per million X" and The "six sigma" refers to the probability of one defects in a million iterations. The airline industry is among the best on the planet with a sigma factor approaching 7. That means one death in almost 10 million passengers flown. Getting back to stoves, the more complicated a unit is the more opportunity there is for defect. Metal is stamped and bent, parts are cast, joins are made, pipes sealed, etc, etc. If a vendor was going to control all of this to exact tolerances you really would see prices 5X-10X of what they are. They control it to the point that makes sense for their business. BMW might know that they can get their quality control 99% right off the line, and the remaining 1% will have a defect that is covered under warranty. It might cost BMW $200M to wring out that last 1% or they could just let the warranty department (which is funded by sales) take care of it. It's a business decision. My Bluestar stove weighs 614 pounds. That's a LOT of metal. A LOT of stainless steel and cast iron. For me, if they got my stove 99.9% right and all they had to do was replace the smallest of my burner heads because of a casting defect? Shoot, I call that a job well done. FYI, the only way they were going to see that defect is if they individually inspect each and every cast iron burner head coming into the factory. I would say 99% of any defects show up immediately in a function test, i.e. flame pattern not right. It's not worth their time, or my having to pay for it, to having someone spend any more time than they do looking at them. Another way to catch such defects would be to Xray them, and then we're back to that $100,000 stove. Perhaps a knock in Bluestar is that most people don't subscribe to any of this. They want everything perfect and shiny forever. Trevor from Eurostoves has spent countless hours, I'm sure, telling people not to worry about cooking grids that aren't shiny black any more, griddle tops that no longer sparkle, baffle grills that don't look like new. This is why there are so few manufacturers that make something like the Bluestar or CC. Too much dancing in the minefield! To me, this also fundamentally explains the difference between the BS buyer and the CC buyer. Ultimately they want different things and that's fine!! All of this agonizing over which to get and all of this reseller puffery about which is the "best" just ignores the real issue: What kind of a cook are you and what do you expect from a range? -Stooxie

@harry_wild "know that in order to prevent a new virus or malware for your on going service; you have to get it from Microsoft in the first place!" You keep stating this, but provide no evidence. Why don't you provide some proof of it, if you think it's true. Just stating something doesn't make it true. . @ wolfie46 "Is there any problem running AVG and malwarebytes at the same time on a computer with windows 8.1?" Shouldn't be any problem. Although it would probably be a good idea not to run scans by each, at the same time.

Safari 5.1? That would have been released in roughly 2011. Snow Leopard would have been about right but frankly I'm not sure that Safari 5.1 came with Snow Leopard nor do I know if you can update to a specific release of Safari (other than the latest/greatest that's compatible with that version of OS X). Might be something to inquire about first. The upgrade should be pretty easy and straight forward, I don't recall any problems when I went from Leopard to Snow Leopard. Apple ID would likely be whatever he uses to log into iTunes. User name in the form of an email address and a password. If he doesn't have one, he could create one. I think it's mostly for iTunes access and not necessarily essential for the operating system to run. Frankly Safari seems like a very odd choice for a supported browser. At version 5 it was a pretty lousy browser even compared to Internet Explorer at the time. There isn't a current Windows version and I'm not sure that Apple even provides older versions for Windows. So if you buy a new Windows machine, you can't use the court's computer system? Are we sure we're understanding this correctly? I've seen some companies that will only support a certain browser or require at least a certain version to keep down the cost of site development and technical support/training. That doesn't mean other browsers won't work but if you have problem you won't get any technical support.