I am so glad I found this thread. My favorite part of gardening is experimenting with seeds, cuttings and grafting. This year I collected a lot of seeds from my own conifers and have them planted up. Regarding damping off. I have a few things that I do to prevent damping off in my seedlings: 1. Use a soiless medium. I use peat moss and perlite. I use 1 part peat moss and 2 parts perlite. 2. Make sure your soiless medium and containers are sterilized. A few years ago I got lazy and used the same containers I had the previous year without cleaning then up with bleach water and had a disaster. A lot of my seeds rotted. 3. Add a fan and allow it to blow over your germinated seedlings. Be careful though it will require a close eye as the movement of air requires much more water on your seedlings. But this REALLY helps me. I also believe it makes my seedlings stronger as it mimics the wind in nature creating stronger stems. You all probably know all this but thought I would mention what is working for me. *** Japanese maples What I would not give to be able to grow them outdoors here. I pay good money to purchase them for pots so that I can grow them around my ponds. I wish mine would set seed. It would be so fun to experiment with them. Enjoy those seedlings you all are finding.

Jerlis, I agree with Matt's explanation that small amounts of shallow watering are not as good for a plant as less-frequent deep watering. When you give plants 'just a squirt' of water, you're training the roots to stay very close to the surface of the soil which makes them vulnerable to drought stress/death. Basket of Gold needs well-draining soil and although it is a full-sun plant in many areas, it does better in our climate if it gets some shade. (That's true of many 'full sun' plants....full sun in a very hot climate is much harder on plants than full sun in milder climates.) Any perennial you plant will need consistent watering until it has established a good root system. Also, any plant that is put into the ground in summer may struggle. It is better to plant in fall or spring so the plants have time to adjust to being transplanted and to form a larger root system before they have to start dealing with the excessively hot temperatures here. Dawn

Matt, We have some naturalized Kentucky Coffee trees here along our road (but not on our property) where they tend to grow in fencelines that are a mass of bird-planted natives. I like them and they are incredibly drought-tolerant, almost what I'd call droughtproof. In our two worst drought years here (2003 with a little under 19" of rainfall and 2005 with a little over 23" of rainfall) which both were "Exceptional Drought" years, they were about the last plants to show drought stress, with the only plant that was later than them being the prickly pear cacti. If I ever plant a Kentucky Coffee Tree, I'll choose one with no seed pods because the naturalized ones here drop seed pods all over creation. Believe it or not, we've planted so many trees on the once treeless portions of our property that I have to be careful now about planting any more or I'm going to shade all my veggie and fruit growing areas, a problem I'm already having on the western and northern edges of my veggie garden. I'm already having to transition some understory areas from grass to ground covers because those areas now are too shaded for grass. This is fine with me because my ultimate plan has been to shade out all the areas around the house where bermuda grass grows so we don't have to deal with mowing it twice a week for the rest of our lives. We have kept one native grassland area west of the landscaped home-garage area open for the deer and other wildlife, so that would be one place I could plant a tree or two, but I don't want to shade out all the native grassland either. Our 'civilized' parts of our property where the house, garage, yard and gardens are was just a long, narrow open area of long-fallow farm land in between two large wooded areas. When we cleared the brush before building the house, all we kept was 1 large pecan tree, 1 large post oak and a few cedars. We later removed the cedars after we saw what high-risk trees they are in grassland areas where wildfires are somewhat common and, in some years, frequent. At first, we sat here and roasted all summer long in full sunlight while we waited for our tiny trees (most were transplanted from the woods as 8-12" seedlings) to grow. After a dozen years, though, and with native trees that have made amazing growth since we planted them, the yard area is fairly shady nowadays. I'm afraid that from now on, I have to be really careful about planting more trees or we'll end up being too shady and having to remove trees. Darwin, We are on the dividing line too, in Love County which sits right along I-35 with the area east of I-35 seeming more lush and green most of the time (with higher rainfall), compared to the area west of I-35 which seems significantly drier most years (and has several inches less of rain each year) and not nearly as lush and green, especially in dry years. (Our specific place is west of I-35, though not by much.) And to add one important point about trees making good growth---when we moved here, we deliberately choose to transplant teeny-tiny seedling trees from our woodland to the open grassland where we built the house. I believed our trees would grow better and be healthier if they had a root system that was equal to their top growth. We dug the tree seedlings as carefully as we could. In general, we moved oak trees, and a couple of native persimmons and one Mexican Plum and they had 8-12" of topgrowth and the rootball was 12-15" 'tall'. I don't think we started planting trees until 2001 after moving here in 1999 because 1999 and 2000 were severe drought years. We have a two-story house, and almost every one of those teeny-tiny trees are now as tall as the house, and most of them are taller than the house. I am positive we would not have had that kind of growth if we'd started with containerized trees that had a lot of topgrowth in comparison to the small root systems. Our tallest oak tree is a red oak that grew from an acorn 'planted' by a squirrel. I believe it popped up in the shrub bed on the south side of the house in 2002 or 2003. It is easily 4 or 5' taller than the seedling red oaks we transplanted from the woods around the same time or the year before. For anyone interested in propagating native plants, I highly recommend an almost-600 page book by Jill Nokes called "How To Grow Native Plants of Texas and the Southwest". It is an amazing book, and mine is old and dogeared and well-worn. Two books I found very helpful when I was trying to figure out what all the native plants on our land were back after we bought this land in 1997 are by Doyle McCoy and are: "Roadside Wild Fruits of Oklahoma" and "Roadside Trees and Shrubs of Oklahoma". I bought both of them at Barnes & Noble in the OKC area (might have been the one in Norman) in the late 1990s. They were published in 1981 and I don't know if they are still in print, but they have been invaluable in helping me identify all the native plants here. Our house is in a slightly more hospitable area than yours, but not by much, and I think it is only more hospitable because of its proximity to the Red River. Love County is a transitional county, sitting right in the middle of south Central OK and it varies greatly in rainfall with higher rainfall in the eastern portion of the county (ave. of 42" per year) and much less rain in the western portion of the county (ave. of 38" per year). We're right in the middle. I would imagine the western end of our county is very similar to the El Reno area, and it always amazes me how much drier the western portion of our county is. We were out in the western end of our county a couple of weeks ago and even though we were only 15 or 20 miles further west than our home, it was significantly drier and the native plants were 'short' compared to those same plants at our house. So, even though we and they can grow the same exact native trees, they are going to get a lot larger in our part of the county than at the western end of the county, and I think there is an important lesson there. However, they also have sandy soil in the area where we were, and we have red clay that holds water better so I'm sure that accounts for some of the differences in plant growth. It is much harder for young trees to survive/grow during extended periods of drought in fast-draining sand than in clay. I noticed, for example, that the further west you go, the shorter the oak trees. There's also a lot more native cacti out there than here and slight differences in the native grasses....theirs are undoubtedly the more drought-tolerant ones. I noticed they have large stands of sand lovegrass out there that get huge. We have scattered bits of lovegrass here at our place in clay but it doesn't grow as large in the dense clay and it doesn't compete well with taller prairie grasses here like it does further west. We all can learn a lot from native plants compared to more exotic imported ones. At first I tried to plant a lot of landscape plants like hostas and hydrangeas, and they really didn't grow well here in our soil and with our frequent summer droughts. That caused me to quickly convert to native plants, which only made sense. There aren't many non-natives I'll plant any more because they just don't tolerate recurring drought as well. With clay soil, it is even more difficult, though, because I have to select plants that can handle a drought year with 19" of rainfall and temps in the 100s for a long time but which also will tolerate a wet year with 50" of rain, and sometimes 6 to 9 to 12" of rain or more in one day. (Our record one-day rainfall is 12.89" and the soil stayed saturated for weeks.) It can be hard to find plants that tolerate both extremes. Natives, I have found, do tolerate them and that's why that's mostly what we plant on our property. You don't have to be a rocket scientist to look at our property during the drought years and realize that the native plants handle it a thousand times better than the non-native ones. Dawn

Fringed Bleeding Heart Here's a list of plants to try for the middle zones of 5, 6, and 7. The weather is less extreme during Winter and Summer than the other regions. Many, many plants will thrive and grow in this temperate climate. As alway, please do a bit of research to assure that the plants you would like to Winter Sow are appropriate for your zone and climate, and if you're ever unsure then do hold back some seeds to start indoors. Trudi =========== Abronia fragrans - sand verbena Abronia villosa - desert sand verbena Acacia angustissima - whiteball acacia Acer grandidentatum - bigtooth maple Acer leucoderme - chalk maple Acer negundo - box elder Acer pensylvanicum - striped maple Acer rubrum - red maple Acer saccharinum - silver maple Acer saccharum - sugar maple Aconitum columbianum - Columbian monkshood Actaea pachypoda - white baneberry Actaea racemosa var. racemosa - black cohosh Actea rubra - red baneberry Aesculus glabra - Ohio buckeye Aesculus glabra var. arguta - Texas buckeye Aesculus pavia var. pavia - red buckeye Agarista populifolia - Florida hobblebush Ageratina altissima var. altissima - white snakeroot Ageratina havanensis - Havana snakeroot Aletris farinosa - white colic-root Allium canadense - meadow garlic Allium cernuum - nodding onion Allium stellatum - prairie onion Allium tricoccum - wild leek Allium validum - swamp onion Alnus serrulata - brookside alder Alnus viridis ssp. crispa - green alder Amelanchier alnifolia - Saskatoon serviceberry Amelanchier canandensis - Canadian service berry Amelanchier laevis - Allegheny service-berry Amianthium muscitoxicum - crow poison Amorpha fruticosa - false indigo-bush Ampelopsis arborea - peppervine Amsonia ciliata - fringed bluestar Amsonia tabernaemontana - eastern bluestar Anaphalis margaritacea - pearly everlasting Andropogon gerardii - big bluestem Andropogon glomeratus - bushy bluestem Andropogon ternarius - split-beard bluestem Andropogon virginicus - broom-sedge Anemone canadensis - Canada anemone Anemone caroliniana - Carolina anemone Anemone cylindrica- long-head thimbleweed Anemone multifida - Pacific anemone Anemone quinquefolia - wood anemone Anemone virginiana - tall anemone Anemopsis californica - yerba mansa Aniscanthus quadrifidus var. wrightii - flame acanthus Antennaria ssp. - pussytoes Aphanostephus skirrhobasis - Arkansas doze-daisy Apocynum androsaemifolium - spreading dogbane Apocynum cannabinum - Indian hemp Aquilegia caerulea - Rocky Mountain columbine Aquilegia canadensis - red columbine Aquilegia chrysantha - golden columbine Aquilegia flavenescens - yellow columbine Aquilegia formosa - scarlet columbine Aralia nudicaulis - wild sarsparilla Aralia racemosa - American spikenard Aralia spinosa - devil's walkingstick Arctostaphylos alpina - black bearberry Arctostaphylos patula - green-leaf manzanita Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - red bearberry Argemone albiflora ssp. texana - white prickly poppy Argemone munita - flat-bud prickly poppy Arisaema draconitium - greendragon Arisaema triphyllum - jack-in-the-pulpit Arnica cordifolia - heart-leaf arnica Arnica latifolia - daffodil arnica Artemisia filifolia - silver sagebrush Artemisia frigida - prairie sagebrush Aruncus dioicus - goatsbeard Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris - sylvan goatsbeard Asarum canadense - Canadian wild ginger Asclepias asperula - antelope horns Asclepias fascicularis - narrow-leaf milkweed Asclepias humistrata - sandhill milkweed Asclepias incarnata - swamp milkweed Asclepias lanceolata - red milkweed Asclepias speciosa - showy milkweed Asclepias sullivantii - prairie milkweed Asclepias tuberosa - butterfly milkweed Asclepias verticillata - whorled milkweed Asimina triloba - common pawpaw Astragalus canadensis - Canadian milk-vetch Atriplex canascens - four-wing saltbrush Baptisia alba - white wild indigo Baptisia australis - blue wild indigo Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea - plains wild indigo Baccharis halimifolia - sea willow Baccharis salicifolia - seep willow Bacopa monnieri - water hyssop Baileya multiradiata - showy desert marigold Balsamorhiza hookeri - hairy balsamroot Balsamorhiza sagittata - arrow-leaf balsamroot Baptisia alba - white wild indigo Baptisia australis - blue wild indigo Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea - plains wild indigo Berlandiera lyrata - lyre-leaf greeneyes Betula nigra - river birch Betula papyrifera - paper birch Betula populifolia - grey birch Bignonia capreolata - crossvine Blephilia ciliata - downy pagoda-plant Borrichia frutescens - bushy seaside-tansy Bouteloua curtipendula - side-oats grama Bouteloua eriopoda - black grama Bouteloua gracillis - blue grama Bouteloua hirsuta - hairy grama Bouvardia ternifolia - firecracker-bush Bromus kalmi - prairie brome Buchloe dactyloides - buffalo grass Calla palustris - water dragon Callicarpa americana - American beauty-berry Callirhoe alcaeoides - pink poppy-mallow Callirhoe digitata - finger poppy-mallow Callirhoe involucrata - purple poppy-mallow Callirhoe papaver - woodland poppy-mallow Calochortus kennedyi - red mariposa-lily Calochortus macrocarpus - sagebrush mariposa-lily Calochortus nuttallii - mariposa lily Caltha palustris - yellow marsh-marigold Caltha leptosepala - white marsh-marigold Calycanthus floridus - Carolina allspice Calyophus berlandieri - squarebud primrose Calyophus lavandulifolius - lavender-leaf primrose Calylophus serrulatus - yellow evening primrose Camassia quamash - common camas Camassia scilloides - Atlantic camas Campanula rotundifolia - bluebell-of-Scotland Campanulastrum americanum - American bellflower Campsis radicans - trumpet vine Cardamine concatenata - cut-leaf toothwort Cardamine diphylla - two-leaved cutwort Carex stipata - stalk-grain sedge Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Carya alba - mockernut hickory Carya illinioense - pecan Carya ovata - shag-bark hickory Castanea pumila - Allegheny Chinkapin Castilleja applegatei ssp. martini - desert paintbrush Castilleja coccinea - scarlet Indian paintbrush Castilleja indivisa - entire-leaf Indian paintbrush Castilleja integra - squawfeather Castilleja linariifolia - Wyoming Indian paintbrush Castilleja miniata - meadow paintbrush Castilleja rhexiifolia - rosy Indian paintbrush Castilleja sessiliflora- Great Plains Indian paintbrush Caulophyllum thalictroides - blue cohosh Catalpa speciosa - northern catalpa Caulophyllum thalictoides - blue cohosh Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea Ceanothus greggii var. vestitus - desert ceanothus Ceanothus herbaceus - prairie redroot Ceanothus velutinus - tobacco-brush Celtis laevigata - sugarberry Celtis occidentalis - common hackberry Centaurea americana - American basket-flower Cephalanthus occidentalis - common buttonbush Cercis canadensis - redbud Cercis canadensis var. texensis - Texas redbud Cercocarpus montanus - mountain mahogany Chamaecrista fasciculata - partridge pea Chamaecrista nicitans - sensitive pea Chamaelirium luteum - fairywand Chamerion angusitfolium ssp. angustifolium - willow herb Chamerion latifolium - dwarf fireweed Chasmanthium latifolium - Indian wood-oats Chelone glabra - white turtlehead Chilopsis linearis - desert willow Chionanthus virginicus - white fringetree Chrysogonum virginianum - green-and-gold Chrysopsis mariana - Marland golden-aster Claytonia caroliniana - Carolina springbeauty Claytonia lanceolata - lance-leaf springbeauty Claytonia virginica - springbeauty Clematis columbiana - purple virgin's-bower Clematis crispa - swamp leather-flower Clematis hirsutissima - sugarbowls Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis - purple clematis Clematis pitcheri - bluebill Clematis virginiana - virgin's bower Cleome lutea - yellow beeplant Cleome serrulata - Rocky Mountain beeplant Clethra acuminata - mountain sweet-pepperbush Clethra alnifolia - summer sweet Clintonia borealis - yellow bluebead-lily Clintonia umbellulata - white bluebead-lily Cocculus carolinus - Carolina coralbead Collinsonia canadensis - citronella horsebalm Collomia linearis - narrow-leaf mountain trumpet Commelina erecta - white-mouth dayflower Comptonia peregrina - sweet-fern Conoclinium coelestinum - blue mistflower Cooperia drummondii - evening rain-lily Coptis trifolia - three-leaf goldthread Coreopsis auriculata - lobed tickseed Coreopsis gladiata - coastal tickseed Coreopsis grandiflora - large-flower tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata - lance-leaf tickseed Coreopsis palmata - stiff tickseed Coreopsis tintctoria - golden tickseed Coreopsis tripteris - tall tickseed Coreopsis verticilliata - whorled tickseed Cornus alternifolia - alternate-leaf dogwood Cornus canadensis - Canadian bunchberry Cornus drummondii - rough-leaf dogwood Cornus florida - flowering dogwood Cornus racemosa - gray dogwood Cornus sericea - red-twig dogwood Corydalis sempervirens - pale corydalis Cotinus obovatus - American smoketree Crataegus marshallii - parsley hawthorn Crataegus mollis - downy hawthorn Crataegus opaca - river-flat hawthorn Crataegus phaenopyrum - Washington hawthorn Cyrilla racemiflora - swamp titi Dalea candida var. candida - white prarie-clover Dalea formosa - featherplume Dalea frutescens - black prairie-clover Dalea purpurea var. purpurea - purple prairie-clover Dasiphora fruiticosa ssp. floribunda - golden hardhack Decodon verticillatus - swamp loosestrife Delphinium barbeyi - subalpine larkspur Delphinium carolinanum - Carolina larkspur Delphinium carolianum ssp. virescens - prairie larkspur Delphinium glaucum - tower larkspur Delphinium nuttallianum - two-lobe larkspur Delphinium parishii - ocean-blue larkspur Delphinium scaposusm - bare-stem larkspur Delphinium tricorne - dwarf larkspur Desmanthus illinoensis - prairie bundle-flower Desmodium canadense - showy tick-trefoil Desmodium illinoense - Illinoise tick-trefoil Dicentra canadensis - squirrel corn Dicentra cucullaria - dutchman's-breeches Dicentra eximia - fringed bleedingheart Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum - wild hyacinth Diervilla sessilifolia - southern bush-honeysuckle Dimorphocarpa wislizeni - spectacle pod Diospryros virginiana - common persimmon Dodecatheon amethystinum - amethyst shooting star Dodecatheon jeffreyi - tall mountain shootingstar Dodecatheon meadia - shooting star Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata - flat-top aster Dracopis amplexicaulis - clasping coneflower Dryas octopetala - white mountain avens Dyssodia ssp. - dyssodia Echinacea angustifolia - narrow-leaved purple coneflower Echinacea pallida - pale purple coneflower Echinacea paradoxa - yellow coneflower Echinacea purpurea - eastern purple coneflower Echinocereus engelmannii - strawberry cactus Echinocereus fendleri - pink-flower hedgehog cactus Elaeagnus cummutata - wolf willow Elymus canadensis - Canadian wild rye Empetrum nigrum - black crowberry Encelia farinosa - brittlebush Engelmannia peristenia - Engelmann's daisy Epigaea repens - trailing arbutus Epilobium canum ssp. latifolium - hummingbird trumpet Epilobium obcordatum - rockfrunge Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa - rabbitbrush Erigeron compositus - dwarf mountain fleabane Erigeron divergens - spreading fleabane Erigeron modestus - prairie fleabane Erigeron peregrinus - coastal fleabane Erigeron pulchellus - robin's plantain Erigeron speciosus - aspen fleabane Eriogonum douglassi - Douglas' wild buckwheat Eriogonum inflatum - Indian pipeweed Eriogonum umbellatum - sulfur-flower wild buckwheat Eriophyllum lanatum - Oregon sunshine Erodium texanum - Texas stork's-bill Eryngium leavenworthii - Leavenworth's enrygo Eryngium yuccifolium - button snakeroot Erysimum capitatum - prairie rocket Erythrina herbacea - red cardinal Erythronium albidum var. albidum - white trout lily Erythronium americanum - american trout lily Erythronium grandiflorum - dogtooth violet Escholzia californica ssp. meixcana - Mexican gold poppy Eucephalus ledophyllus var. ledophyllus - Cascade wayside-aster Eunonymus americana - American strawberry-bush Eunonymus atropurpurea - burning bush Eunonymus obovata - running strawberry-bush Eupatorium fistulosum - joe-pye-weed Eupatorium maculatum - spotted joe-pye-weed Eupatorium perfoliatum - common joe-pye-weed Eupatorium purpureum - sweet scented joe-pye-weed Eupatorium occidentale - western thoroughwort Euphorbia corollata - flowering spurge Euphorbia maculatum - spotted joe-pye-weed Euphorbia marginata - snow-on-the- mountain Eurybia macrophyllus - large leaf wood-aster Eurybia sibirica - Siberian wood-aster Eustoma exaltatum ssp. russellianum - prairie gentian Euthamia graminifolia - flat-top goldenrod Fagus grandifolia - American beech Fallugia paradoxa - Apache plume Fendlera rupicola - false mock orange Filipendula rubra - queen-of-the-prairie Forestirera pubescens var. pubescens - desert olive Fothergilla gardenii - dwarf witch-alder Fragaria virginiana - wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala - western alpine strawberry Frangula caroliniana - Carolina false buckthorn Fraxinus americana - white ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica - green ash Fritillaria pudica - yellow missionbells Frittilaria recurva - scarlet missionbells Gaillardia aestivalis var. aestivalis - parairie gaillardia Gaillardia aristata - great blanket-flower Gaillardia arizonica - Arizona blanket-flower Gaillardia pinnatifida - yellow gailliardia Gaillardia pulchella - Indian blanket Gaillardia suavis - rayless gaillardia Galium boreale - northern bedstraw Galium triflorum - fragrant bedstraw Gaultheria procumbens - eastern teaberry Gaura biennis - biennial gaura Gaura coccinea - scarlet gaura Gaylussacia baccata - black huckleberry Gelsemium sempervirens - Carolina jessamine Gentiana andrewsii - closed bottle gentian Gentiana calycosa - Rainier pleated gentian Gentiana clausa - bottle gentian Gentiana parryi - Parry's gentian Gentiana saponaria - soapwort gentian Gentianopsis crinita - greater fringed-gentian Geranium carolinianum - Carolina cranesbill Geranium maculatum - spotted cranesbill Geranium viscosissimum - sticky wild geranium Geum rivale - water avens Geum triflorum - prairie smoke Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida - prairie vervain Gleditsia triacanthos - honey locust Glycyrrhiza lepidota - American licorice Grayia spinosa - spiny hop-sage Gutierrezia sarothrae - broom snakeweed Gymnocladus dioicus - Kentucky coffee tree Halesia diptera - American snowdrop tree Hamamelis virginiana - American witch hazel Hedyotis nigricans - bluets Helenium autumnale - fall sneezeweed Helianthus annuus - common sunflower Helianthus debilis - cucumber-leaf sunflower Helianthus giganteus - giant sunflower Helianthus maximilliani - Maximillion sunflower Helianthus paucilflorus ssp. paucilflorus - stiff sunflower Helianthus petiolaris - prairie sunflower Helianthus strumosus - woodland sunflower Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem artichoke Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora - showy false goldeneye Heliopsis helinathoides - ox-eye sunflower Hepatica nobilis var. acuta - sharp-lobed hepatica Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa - round-lobed hepatica Heterotheca villosa var. villosa - golden-aster Heuchera americana - American alumroot Heuchera parviflora - little-leaf alumroot Heuchera rubescens - red alumroot Heuchera villosa - hairy alumroot Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia - heart-leaf ginger Hexastylis shuttleworthii var. shuttleworthii - Shuttleworth's ginger Hibiscus denudatus - rock hibiscus Hibiscus moscheutos - crimson-eyed rose-mallow Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. lasiocarpos - rose-mallow Holodiscus dumosus - glandular oceanspray Houstonia caerulea - innocence Houstonia procumbens - round-leaf bluets Hydrangea arborescens - wild hydrangea Hydrastis canadensis - goldenseal Hydrophyllum virginianum - Virginia waterleaf Hymenocallis caroliniana- Carolina spider-lily Hymenopappus artemisiifolius - woolly white Hymenoxys hoopesii - orange sneezeweed Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides - Saint Andrew's cross Hypericum prolificum - shrubby St. John's-wort Hypoxis hirsuta - eastern yellow star-grass Ilex decidua - deciduous holly Ilex opaca - American holly Ilex verticillata - common winterberry Ilex vomitoria - yaupon Iliamna rivularis - streambank wild hollyhock Ipomoea leptophylla - bush morning-glory Ipomosis aggregata ssp. aggragata - scarlet gilia Jeffersonia diphylla - twinleaf Juglans micropcarpa - little walnut Juglans nigra - black walnut Kalmia angustilfolia - sheep laurel Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Kalmia polifolia - swamp laurel Koeleria macrantha - prairie koeler's grass Kosteletzkya virginica - seashore mallow Krascheninnikovia lanata - winterfat Larrea tridentata - creososte bush Layia glandulosa - white tidytips Leckiella brevifolia - gaping bush-beardtongue Ledum groenlandicum - rusty Labrador-tea Leersia oryzoides - rice cut grass Leiophyllum buxifolium - sand myrtle Lepidium montanum - mountain pepperwort Lesquerella fendleri - Fendler's bladderpod Lesquerella gordonii - Gordon's bladderpod Lesquerella gracillis - spreading bladderpod Leucothoe fontanesiana - highland doghobble Lewisia rediviva - Oregon bitter-root Liatris aspera - tall gayfeather Liatris elegans - pink scale gayfeather Liatris mucronata - cusp gayfeather Liatris punctata - dotted gayfeather Liatris pycnostachya - prairie blazingstar Liatris spicata - dense gayfeather Liatris squarrosa - scaly gayfeather Lilium canadense - Canadian lily Lilium catesbaei - southern red lily Lilium michauxii - Carolina lily Lilium michiganense - Michigan lily Lilium phildephicum - wood lily Lindera benzoin - northern spicebush Lindheimera texana - Texas yellowstar Linnaea borealis - American twinflower Linum lewisii var. lewisii - blue flax Linum rigidum - large-flwered yellow flax Liquidambar styraciflua - sweet gum Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip tree Lithospermum canescens - hoary puccoon Lithospermum caroliniense - hairy puccoon Lithospermum incisum - friged gromwell Lobelia cardinalis - Cardinal flower Lobelia glandulosa - glade lobelia Lobelia spicata - pale-spike lobelia Lobelia siphilitica - great blue lobelia Lobelia spicata - pale-spike lobelia Lonicera albiflora - white honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata - four-line honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens - coral honeysuckle Lupinus breweri - matted lupine Lupinus caudatus - Kellogg's spurred lupine Lupinus concinnus - Bajada lupine Lupinus perennis - wild lupine Lupinus polyphyllus - meadow lupine Lupinus sericeus - Pursh's silky lupine Lysimachia ciliata - fringed yellow-loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia - prairie loosestrife Machaeranthera tanacetifolia - Tahoka daisy Magnolia grandiflora - southern magnolia Magnolia tripetala - umbrella magnolia Magnolia virginiana - sweet-bay Mahonia repens - creeping Oregon-grape Maianthemum canadense - Canadian mayflower Maianthemum dilatatum - two-leaf false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum - false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum - starry false Solomon's-seal Malus ioensis - prairie crabapple Marshallia casepitosa var. caespitosa - Barbara's buttons Melampodium leucanthum - blackfoot daisy Mentzelia laevicaulis - giant blazingstar Menyanthes trifoliata - buck-bean Mertensia ciliata - mountain bluebells Mertensia virginica - Virginia bluebells Mimosa borealis - pink mimosa Mimosa microphylla - little-leaf mimosa Mimulus bigelovii - yellow-throat monkey-flower Mimulus cardinalis - scarlet monkey-flower Mimulus guttates - golden monkey-flower Mimulus lewisii - great purple monkey-flower Mimulus primuloides - yellow creeping monkey-flower Mimosa microphylla - little-leaf mimosa Minuartia obtusiloba - alpine stitchwort Mirabilis multiflora - Colorado four-o-clock Mitchella repens - partridge berry Mitella diphylla - two-leaf bishop's-cap Monarda citirodora - lemon beebalm Monarda didyma - scarlet beebalm Monarda fistulosa - Oswego tea Monarda punctata ssp. punctata var. villicaulis - horsemint Monardella odoratissima - mountain pennyroyal Morella cerifera - southern bayberry Morella pensylvanica - northern bayberry Muhlenbergia capillaris - Gulf muhly Muhlenbergia reverchonii - seep muhly Myositus asiatica - Asian forget-me-not Myrica gale - sweetgale Napaea dioica - glade mallow Nemophila phaecelioides - large-flower baby-blue-eyes Nolina microcarpa - Sacahuista bear-grass Nolina texana - Texas bear-grass Nuphar lutea - cow-lily Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala - pond-lily Nymphaea odorata - American white water-lily Nyssa sylvatica - black gum Oenothera albicaulis - pale evening primrose Oenothera biennis - common evening primrose Oenothera brachycarpa - short-fruit evening primrose Oenothera caespitosa - tufted envening primrose Oenothera deltoides - desert evening primrose Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri - giant evening primrose Oenothera flava - long-tube evening primrose Oenothera fruiticosa - narrow-leaf evening primrose Oenothera macrocarpa - big-fruit evening primrose Oenothera nuttallii - Nuttall's evening primrose Oenothera primiveris - desert evening primrose Oenothera rhombipetala - diamond-petal evening primrose Oenothera speciosa - pink evening-primrose Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum - stiff goldenrod Opuntia acanthocarpa - staghorn cholla Opuntia basilaris - beaver-tail cactus Opuntia humifusa - prickly pear Opuntia imbricata - tree cholla Opuntia leptocaulis- christmas cholla Opuntia phaeacantha - purple-fruited prickly pear Opuntia polycantha - plains prickly-pear Orontium aquaticum - goldenclub Ostrya viginiana - eastern hop-hornbeam Oxydendrum arboreum - sourwood Pachysandra procumbens - mountain spurge Packera aurea - golden ragwort Packera cana - gray ragwort Packera glabella - cress-leaf groundsel Packera obovata - round-leaf groundsel Packera paupercula - northern ragwort Packera plattensis - prairie ragwort Panicum virgatum - wand panic grass Parthenium incanum - mariola Parthenium integrifolium - wild quinine Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia creeper Passiflora incarnata - purple passion-flower Passiflora lutea - yellow passion-flower Pectis angustifolia - lemonscent Pedulicaris groenlandica - bull elephant's-head Penstemon albidus - red-line penstemon Penstemon ambiguus - pink plains beardtongue Penstemon angustifolius - broadbeard beardtongue Penstemon australis - Eustis Lake beardtongue Penstemon barbatus - beardlip beartongue Pentemon buckleyi - Buckley's beardtongue Penstemon canescens - eastern gray beardtongue Penstemon cobaea - cobaea beardtongue Penstemon davidsonii - timberline beardtongue Penstemon deustus - hot-rock beardtongue Penstemon digitalis - foxglove penstemon Penstemon eatonii - firecracker penstemon Penstemon fendleri - Fendler's beardtongue Penstemon gracilis - slender penstemon Penstemon grandiflorus - large-leaved penstemon Penstemon hirsutus - hairy beardtongue Penstemon jamesii - James' beardtongue Penstemon laetus - western gray beardtongue Penstemon murrayanus - scarlet beardtongue Penstemon pallidus - pale beardtongue Penstemon palmeri - scented beardtongue Penstemon rostriflorus - beaked beardtongue Penstemon smalli - Small's beardtongue Penstemon strictus - Rocky Mountain beardtongue Petrophyton caespitosum - Rocky Mountain rockmat Phacelia sericea - purplefringe Phlox andicola - prairie phlox Phlox carolina - Carolina phlox Phlox diffusa - spreading phlox Phlox divaritica - wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata ssp. laphamii - Sweet William Phlox glaberrima ssp. interior - marsh phlox Phlox latifolia - mountain phlox Phlox longifolia - long-leaf phlox Phlox pilosa - downy phlox Phlox speciosa ssp. occidentalis - showy phlox Phlox stolonifer a- creeping phlox Phlox subulata - moss phlox Phlox stansburyi - cold-desert phlox Phragmites australis - common reed Physocarpus opulifolius - Atlantic ninebark Physotegia digitalis - finger false dragonhead Physostegia intermedia - slender false dragonhead Physotegia virginiana - obediant plant Phyllodoce empetriformis - pink mountain-heath Pinguicula lutea - yellow butterwort Pinguicula pumila - dwarf buttercup Pityopsis graminifolia var. graminifolia - grass-leaved golden-aster Platanus occidentalis - American sycamore Platystemon californicus - California creamcups Poa arachnifera - Texas blue grass Podophyllum peltatum - May apple Polemonium foliosissimum - towering Jacob's ladder Polemonium occidentale - western Jacob's ladder Polemonium pulcherrimum - beautiful Jacob's ladder Polemonium reptans - Greek valerian Polemonium viscosum - sticky Jacob's ladder Poliomontha incana - hoary rosemary-mint Populus balsamifera - balsam poplar Populus deltoides - eastern cottonwood Populus tremuloides - quaking aspen Porteranthus trifoliatus - bowman's root Potentilla arguta - prairie cinquefoil Potentilla glandulosa - sticky cinquefoil Potentilla nivea - snowy cinquefoil Potentilla simplex - common cinquefoil Prenanthes alba - white rattlesnake-root Prosobis glandulosa - honey mesquite Prunus mexicana - Mexican plum Prunus nigra - Canadian plum Prunus serotina - black cherry Prunus virginiana - choke cherry Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium - blunt-leaf rabbit tobacco Psilotrophe cooperi - white-stem paper flower Psilotrophe tagetina - woolly paper-flower Psorothamnus fremontii var. fremontii - Fremont indigo bush Ptelea trifoliata - common hoptree Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida - pasqueflower Purshia stansburiana - quinine bush Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida - pasqueflower Pyrola asarifolia - pink wintergreen Pyrola elliptica - shinleaf Quercus alba - northern white oak Quercus coccinea - scarlet oak Quercus gambelli - Rocky Mountain white oak Quercus macrocarpa - burr oak Quercus marilandica - blackjack oak Quercus michauxii - swamp chestnut oak Quercus muehlenbergii - Chinkapin oak Quercus palustris - pin oak Quercus phellos - willow oak Quercus rubra - northern red oak Quercus stellata - post oak Quercus virginiana - coastal live oak Ranunculus abortivus - early wood buttercup Ranunculus alismifolius - meadow buttercup Ranunculus cardiophyllus - heart-leaf buttercup Ranunculus fascicularis - tufted buttercup Ranunculus occidentalis - western buttercup Ratibida columnifera - red-spike Mexican hat Ratibida pinnata - grey-head Mexican hat Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow beauty Rhexia virginica - meadow beauty Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. integrifolia - rosewort Rhododendron arborescens - smooth azalea Rhododendron calendulaceum - flame azalea Rhododendron canadense - rhodora Rhododendron canescens - mountain azalea Rhododendron catawbiense - purple rhododendron Rhododendron maximum - great laurel Rhododendron oblongifolium - Texas azalea Rhododendron periclymenoides - pink azalea Rhododendron prinophyllum - early azalea Rhododendron vaseyi - pink-shell azalea Rhododendron viscosum - swamp azalea Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac Rhus copallinum - winged sumac Rhus glabra - smooth sumac Rhus lanceolata - prairie sumac Rhus micropylla - little-leaf sumac Rhus typhina - staghorn sumac Rhyncospora latifolia - sand-swamp whitetop Ribes aureum - golden currant Ribes aureum var. villosum - buffalo currant Ribes laxiflorum - trailing black currant Robinia hispida - bristly locust Robinia pseodoacacia - black locust Rosa acicularis - wild rose Rosa arkansana var. suffulta - prairie rose Rosa carolina - Carolina rose Rosa palustris - swamp rose Rosa setigera var. tomentosa - Illinois rose Rosa nutkana - Nootka rose Rosa woodsii - Wood's rose Rubus parviflorus - western thimbleberry Rubus odoratus - purple-flowering rasberry Rudbeckia fulgida - orange coneflower Rudbeckia grandiflora var. alismifolia - large coneflower Rudbeckia hirta - black-eyed susan Rudbeckia laciniata - cut-leaf coneflower Rudbeckia triloba - brown-eyed susan Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina wild petunia Ruellia humilis - fringe-leaf wild petunia Sabal minor - dwarf palmetto Sabatia angularis - rose-pink Sabatia campestris - meadow pink Sabatia dodecandra - large marsh-pink Sagittaria latifolia - arrowhead Salix discolor - pussy willow Salvia azurea var. grandiflora - blue sage Salvia columbariae - California sage Salvia lyrata - lyre-leaf sage Sambucus nigra ssp. caerula - black elder Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis - common elder Sambucus racemosa var. racemose - scarlet elder Sambucus racemosa var. melancarpa - silver buffalo-berry Sanguinaria canadensis - bloodroot Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii - soapberry Sassafras albidum - sassafras Saururus cernuus - lizard's tail Saxifraga bronchialis - yellow-spot saxifrage Schizachyrium scoparium - little false bluestem Sedum nuttllianum - yellow stonecrop Sedum ternatum - woodland stonecrop Senecio pseudoarnica - seabeach senecio Shepherdia argentea - silver buffalo-berry Shepherdia candensis - russet buffalo-berry Shortia galacifolia - Oconee-bells Sideroxylon lanuginosum ssp. oblongilfolium - gum elastic tree Silene acaulis - moss campion Silene caroliniana - sticky catchfly Silene douglasii - seabluff catchfly Silene regia - royal catchfly Silene stellata - starry campion Silene virginica - fire-pink Silphium integrifolium - entire-leaf rosinweed Silphium laciniatum - compass plant Silphium perfoliatum - cup plant Sisyrinchium albidum - white blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium - narrow leaf blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium campestre - prairie blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum - strict blue-eyed grass Solidago caesia - blue-stemmed goldenrod Solidago canadensis - Canadian goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis - zigzag goldenrod Solidago juncea - plume goldenrod Solidago missouriensis - Missouri goldenrod Solidago multiradiata - Rocky Mountain goldenrod Solidago nemoralis - gray goldenrod Solidago odora - sweet goldenrod Solidago rugosa - rough-leaved goldenrod Solidago sempervirens - seaside goldenrod Solidago speciosa - showy goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia - elm-leaf goldenrod Sophora affinis - Eve's necklace-pod Sorbus americana - American mountain-ash Sorbus scopulina - Cascade mountain-ash Sorghastrum nutans - yellow Indian grass Spartina pectinata - prairie cord grass Sphaeralcea ambigua - apricot globe-mallow Sphaeralcea coccinea - scarlet globe-mallow Sphaeralcea parviflora - small-leaf globe-mallow Spigelia marilandica - woodland pinkroot Spiraea alba - white meadowsweet Spirea alba var. latifolia - meadowsweet Spiraea splendens var. splendens - subalpine spiraea Spiraea tomentosa - steeplebush Sporobolus heterolepis - prairie dropseed Stanleya pinnata - golden prince's-plume Stewartia malacodendron - silky camellia Stewartia ovata - mountain camellia Stokesia laevis - stoke's aster Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus - rosy twistedstalk Stylophorum diphyllum - celadine poppy Symphoricarpos orbiculatus - coral berry Symphyotrichum ascendens - Pacific aster Symphyotrichum divaricatum - white wood aster Symphyotrichum drummondii var. drummondii - arrow aster Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides - heath aster Symphyotrichum foliaceum var. foliceum - leafy aster Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve - smooth aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae - New England American aster Symphyotrichum oblongifolium - aromatic American aster Symphotrichum oolentangiense - sky-blue American aster Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum - frost aster Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum - swamp aster Symphyotricum sericeum - western silver American aster Symplocarpus foetidus - skunk cabbage Tephrosia virginiana - goat's rue Tetraneuris acaulis var. acaulis - butte marigold Tetraneuris scaposa var. scaposa - yellow daisy Tetraneuris grandiflora - alpine sunflower Teuchrium laciniatum - lacy germander Thalictrum dascycarpum - purple meadow rue Thalictrum dioicum - early meadow rue Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum - meadow rue Thalictrum pubescens - king-of-the-meadow Thalictrum thalictroides - rue anemone Thelesperma filifolium var. filifolium - showy Navajo tea Thermopsis montana - golden pea Thlaspi montanum var. fendleri - penny cress Tiarella cordifolia - heart-leaf foamflower Tilia americana - American linden Townsendia exscapa - Easter daisy Tradescantia bracteata - long-bract spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis - prairie spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis - Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana - Virginia spiderwort Tridens flavus - tall redtop Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis - starflower Trillium cernuum - nodding trillium Trillium erectum - purple trillium Trillium grandiflorum - large-flwered trillium Trillium ovataum - coast trillium Trillium sessile - red trillium Trillium undulatum - painted trillium Tripsacum dactyloides - eastern mock grama Trollius laxus - American globeflower Typha latifolia - broad-leaf cattail Ulmus americana - American elm Ulmus crassifolia - cedar elm Uvularia grandiflora - large flowered bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia - merrybells Vaccinium angustifolium - late lowbush blueberry Vaccinium arboreum - farkleberry Vaccinium caespitosum - dwarf huckleberry Vaccinium corymbosum - highbush blueberry Vaccinium stamineum - deerberry Vaccinium ulignosum - bog blueberry Vaccinium stamineum - deerberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea - northern mountain cranberry Verastrum californicum - corn lily Verbena canadensi - rose mock vervain Verbena gooddingii - southwestern vervain Verbena hastata - blue verbena Verbena stricta - hoary verbena Vernonia baldwinii - western ironweed Vernonia gigantea ssp. gigantea - tall ironweed Vernonia noveboracensis - New York ironweed Veronicastrum virginicum - culver's root Viburnum acerifolium - maple-leaf viburnum Viburnum dentatum - southern arrow-wood Viburnum edule - squashberry Viburnum lantanoides - hobblebush Viburnum prunifolium - smooth blackhaw Viburnum rufidulum - rusty blackhaw Viola affinis - sand violet Viola canadensis - Canadian white violet Viola labradorica - alpine violet Viola missouriensis - Missouri violet Viola palmata - early blue violet Viola pedata - bird-foot violet Viola pedatifida - prairie violet Viola pubescens - downy yellow violet Viola rostrata - long-spur violet Viola sororia - meadow violet Vitis rotundifolia - muscadine Wisteria frutescens - American wisteria Wyethia amplexicaulis - northern mule's ears Xanthisma texanum - Texas sleepy daisy Xylorhiza tortifolia var. tortifolia - Mojave woody aster Xyris ssp. - yellow-eyed grass Yucca arkansana - Arkansas yucca Yucca baccata - banana yucca Yucca brevifolia - Joshua tree Yucca glauca - soapweed glauca Zenobia pulverulenta - honeycup Zephyranthes atamasco - rain lily Zinnia grandiflora - Rocky Mountain zinnia Zizia aurea - golden alexanders