Considering frogs and toads very much like mosquitos and mosquito larvae as a food source, what most likely happened in Kathy Durrum's situtaion is that by introducing mosquito dunks and killing the larvae they removed the food source for the frogs which caused a large number of them to starve to death. Removing the dunks allowed the mosquito population to proliferate which then also allowed the predators of mosquitos, frogs and toads, to also proliferate. Any time you remove or reduce the amount of an animal from an environment that is a small ecosystem you're doing damage to that entire system, not just the one specific animal in it.

You all seem so knowledgeable about toads v frogs, may I ask a question. Do the toad ribbons foul the water? I had a tree frog lay eggs one year, got thousands of tadpoles, and it didnt bother my fish one bit. I have never had frogs again, but twice I have had toads spin their ribbons and within a week, the water became putrid. My fish began to die. I drained the pond but again the toad laid eggs. Luckily, I had not restocked the pond with fish because again the water became a foul, putrid, stinking pit. I dont want to kill these toads that keep showing up. Is there anyway to discourage them from laying eggs? Or am I wrong about cause and effect here?

Pardancanda norisii (Candy Lily) is a cross of Belamcanda (BlackBerry Lily)and another irisy plant- The only way I can tell most of mine apart is size, OK- and where I planted them- The Candy Lilies are MUCH larger than the Blackberry Lilies- also Candy Lilies can look much different than Blackberry Lilies- with solid colors and a whole range of color combinations- whereas the Black berry lilies all look the same- an orangey-yellow with scarlet burgundy spots on all the petals- since the first photo shows much less spots on 3 of the petals- I would bet that you have a Candy Lily. But a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.... Until seed trading time that is.... I have wintersown these with great success- and better yet- I started some (200) indoors, under lights in January- and had blooms the same year from all the spotted blackberry looking Candy Lilies. The Blackberry lilies took 2 years to bloom when started indoors- and 3 for wintersowing. Funny thing- I did not see more unusual color combinations on the Candy Lilies till the second year- and that was only about 10 percent of all of those I planted out. I have a named variety plant (Sangria I think it is called) this year that I am looking forward to starting seed from to see what may happen to these flowers- The plant is all by itself- with no other candy lilies near by- but it is producing seed heads.... Maybe I will know by late next summer..... They are GREAT drought resistant plants that add an iris foliage look to your dry hot spots- That really pump out the seeds! I hope you all can try some! Julie

"Pardancanda norrisii/candy lily is the product of a cross between Belamcanda chinensis/blackberry lily and Pardanthopsis dichotoma/Vesper Iris"