They sell bean transplants?!? I'm sorry, but garden centers are doing a great disservice to new gardeners by selling transplants of easy-sprouting but hard to transplant vegetables such as squash, melons, cucumbers, and, I guess, beans too. All of these plants will sprout and grow enthusiastically when direct seeded -- assuming the ground is warm enough. None of them appreciate having their roots disturbed. :-( I suspect that transplant shock weakened your plants so that the are succumbing to pests and diseases that stronger plants might have fought off. Another possibility is that in your zone beans may not survive the summer heat. Here in zone 7 in NC beans should be planted in May and in late July with the expectation that the bush varieties at least will not survive the blistering heat of June and July.

Are the pole beans and peas shading the beans? Another thought --maybe the tall things have a bigger root system and are soaking up all the nutrients from the bush beans. If the tall things are not shading the bush beans, then give the beans a few doses of something like manure or compost tea

hard to tell but it looks like bacterial brown spot. do you have pictures of both sides of a bigger leaf?

When you say that this is 'a true raised planter bed', am I correct in understanding that this is like a table filled with growing medium? If so, I think the problem might be how you consider the style of gardening. In essence, you are growing in a very large container. It's perfectly fine, it just needs to be treated like a container garden. Even if it's just a high raised bed, with the drainage you have, combined with the medium you used, I would switch to a soluble fertilizer. Since everything you describe is organic, try to find a product like fish emulsion (there are many others.) The problem with the fertilizer you seem to describe, is that most 'organic fertilizers' are formulated to work in concert with inground soil organisms. You are above the ground, so your fertilizer isn't releasing. A complete (all nutrients, not just NPK) soluble fertilizer of your preference should correct the problems you're seeing. You'll want to use the fertilizer as needed, but many container gardeners find that feeding once a week, or once every 2 weeks - as the label recommends - is a good schedule. That may require adjusting, and you'll just need to watch the plants and see how they respond.