Hummingbirds and Butterflies Will Love You for Planting This
North American native scarlet beebalm is a true multipurpose plant in both garden and kitchen. Here’s how to grow it
Marianne Lipanovich
May 20, 2017
Houzz Contributor. I'm a California-based writer and editor. While most of my projects are garden-based, you might also find me writing about home projects and classical music. Away from the computer, I'm found in the garden (naturally), on my bike, or ice-skating outdoors (yes, that is possible in California). I'm also willing to taste-test anything that's chocolate.
Houzz Contributor. I'm a California-based writer and editor. While most of my projects... More
The humble scarlet beebalm (Monarda didyma) has a lot to recommend it, especially in eastern North America, where it originated. This easy-care perennial not only attracts bees to your garden, but butterflies and hummingbirds also find it irresistible. It’s a welcome addition to a perennial garden, a naturalistic garden or an herb garden. If that’s not enough, its fragrant leaves have long been used for tea, and its flowers can be added to a bouquet or brought into the kitchen to use in everything from salad to dessert.
‘Jacob Cline’ beebalm
Botanical name: Monarda didyma
Common names: Scarlet beebalm, Oswego tea, red bergamot, bee balm
Origin: Native to eastern North America
Where will it grow: Hardy to minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius (USDA zones 3 to 9; find your zone)
Water requirement: Regular to ample water; can handle some drought when mature
Light requirement: Full sun; afternoon shade in the hottest summer climates
Mature size: 1 foot to 8 feet tall and 2 feet wide
Benefits and tolerances: Flowers that attract bees, butterflies and hummingbirds; fragrant leaves and edible flowers that make good bouquets; deer resistant
Seasonal interest: Summer flowers; possible repeat bloom in fall
When to plant: Sow seeds or set out plants in early spring.
Botanical name: Monarda didyma
Common names: Scarlet beebalm, Oswego tea, red bergamot, bee balm
Origin: Native to eastern North America
Where will it grow: Hardy to minus 40 degrees Fahrenheit and Celsius (USDA zones 3 to 9; find your zone)
Water requirement: Regular to ample water; can handle some drought when mature
Light requirement: Full sun; afternoon shade in the hottest summer climates
Mature size: 1 foot to 8 feet tall and 2 feet wide
Benefits and tolerances: Flowers that attract bees, butterflies and hummingbirds; fragrant leaves and edible flowers that make good bouquets; deer resistant
Seasonal interest: Summer flowers; possible repeat bloom in fall
When to plant: Sow seeds or set out plants in early spring.
Distinguishing traits. Clumps of leaves 2 to 4 feet tall are topped by showy clusters of flower-bedecked stems. The 3-inch-long tubular flowers have a somewhat shaggy appearance in shades of pink, red, white, blue and lavender. The fragrant leaves are dark green.
The leaves are said to impart a flavor similar to that of the sour orange citrus, also known as bergamot when used for tea, giving this plant one of its common names.
The leaves are said to impart a flavor similar to that of the sour orange citrus, also known as bergamot when used for tea, giving this plant one of its common names.
Beebalm and clematis (Clematis sp.)
How to use it. Plant scarlet beebalm where you can enjoy the bees, hummingbirds and butterflies that its flowers will attract. It’s especially effective when massed with other perennials, such as black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia spp.) and coneflowers (Echinacea spp.), in borders, native gardens and natural-style gardens.
How to use it. Plant scarlet beebalm where you can enjoy the bees, hummingbirds and butterflies that its flowers will attract. It’s especially effective when massed with other perennials, such as black-eyed Susans (Rudbeckia spp.) and coneflowers (Echinacea spp.), in borders, native gardens and natural-style gardens.
More ways to use scarlet beebalm:
- It makes a wonderful addition to herb gardens and sensory gardens.
- The dark green leaves can be used in teas and as a mint substitute.
- The edible flowers can be used in salads, preserves and baked goods; treat as garnishes on fish and in punch bowls. (The red ones are said to be the tastiest.)
- Fresh flowers can also be added to bouquets, and dried petals and leaves can be used in potpourris.
‘Raspberry Wine’ and ‘Jacob Cline’ beebalm
Planting notes.
Planting notes.
- Choose a spot in full sun with well-draining, amended soil. Thinly sow seeds about one-quarter inch apart or set out plants 1½ to 2 feet apart. Add a slow-release fertilizer when planting and fertilize lightly every spring in the following years. Pinch tips of new growth to encourage bushiness.
- Keep the soil moist but not soggy throughout the growing season. Provide regular water, and increase it if the plant shows signs of wilt.
- Deadhead regularly to encourage repeat blooms.
- Beebalm may be subject to powdery mildew, so provide good air circulation. Popular hybrids that are more mildew-resistant include ‘Blue Stocking’, ‘Fireballs’, ‘Jacob Cline’, ‘Marshall’s Delight’, ‘Petite Delight’, ‘Raspberry Wine’ and ‘Violet Queen’.
- Cut the plant down from an inch to several inches above the ground in fall.
- Divide every three to four years in early spring. Discard the center of the plant.
‘Jacob Cline’ beebalm
See how to grow two more beebalms: spotted beebalm (M. punctata) and wild bergamot (M. fistulosa)
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Many farmers encourage this and other native species on their farms to increase production so you might try asking one at a local market if they would dig up a couple of plants to sell you. Many already sell plants in the spring, including flowers. That way you will be getting something you know is hardy and also more than likely, native to your area.
TO be sure of what you are getting - I did some search. My usual to go to wild flower farm (wildseedfarms.com) didn't harvest any this year. However, Johnny's Selected Seeds apparently did. They guarantee Non-GMO and have a nice return/refunds policy. Their BeeBalm is Wild Bergamot Monarda Seed if you are interested. BTW, Johnny's hybrid seeds are so designated.
Planting is in the fall, so if you want spring flowers, now is the time to order them for your area and zone.
What a delightful and beautiful garden. I'm sure people would love to stop by and smell the flowers. Wouldn't that be awesome!