Crewelwork
If you like your embroidery to be freestyle and done with wool yarn, crewelwork is for you
Crewelwork, or crewel embroidery, is the intricately patterned work created by sewing with crewel yarn, a two-ply wool yarn made with two strands of thread twisted together. Early examples of crewelwork were of birds, animals and flowers made with a variety of raised stitches. Crewelwork can be created on a painted canvas, but it is always sewn freestyle.
Embroidery with cotton, silk or floss is also freestyle but isn't considered crewelwork because it isn't sewn with yarn.
This chair looks to be embroidered with yarn in a series of outlining stem stitches and French knots. Crewelwork has depth and dimension to it, due to the thickness of the yarn.
Cross-stitching is not done on a painted canvas. Cross-stitch patterns are printed on paper, and the pattern has to be transferred to the canvas by counting stitches that are color coded to indicate the thread color. Cross-stitches are a series of "X"s sewn into the open weave of the blank fabric, and every stitch is the same.
This image has two examples of embroidery done on painted canvases: needlepoint and crewelwork. For needlepoint (the dog) the stitches are all sewn diagonally and typically cover the entire canvas. Crewelwork (the floral design) also is done on a painted canvas, but the stitches are freestyle.