Modern Materials: Copper, Architecture's Natural Beauty
The rich patina is just the beginning — copper for home exteriors is strong, shapable and highly recyclable
John Hill
August 29, 2013
Houzz Contributor. I am an architect and writer living in New York City. I have Bachelor of Architecture and Master in Urban Planning degrees, and over ten years experience in architectural practice, split between Chicago and NYC. Currently I'm focused on writing and online pursuits. My daily blog can be found at http://archidose.blogspot.com
Houzz Contributor. I am an architect and writer living in New York City. I have Bachelor... More
Copper is one of the most distinctive, yet rarely used, exterior materials. Its appeal owes to the natural patina that takes hold and transforms it from orange to brown to green over about 10 years. Used most often for roofs, siding and details like gutters and downspouts, copper is actually alloyed with zinc in architectural applications. A different ratio of copper to zinc results in brass, while bronze results from copper being alloyed with aluminum, nickel, or silver. This ideabook focuses on copper and its defining green patina, both for inspiration and with some practical tips for incorporating the material.
An architect with an obvious preference for copper and its patina is Travis Price, who practices in Washington, D.C. The houses he has designed in the area blend into their wooded surroundings, particularly his own, which even notches around a tree.
The fact that copper is expensive and soft yet strong means that thin sheets are ideal, and they can be shaped easily — a good combination. In another D.C. residence by Price, the gentle curve of the copper wall is not a problem, even with extremely long pieces.
The expense of copper is balanced by the fact that it has the highest recycling rate of any engineered metal. Three-quarters of copper in architectural applications is recycled, matching the rate at which it's extracted. Specifying recycled copper can reduce expense and save on the energy required to mine the material.
The expense of copper is balanced by the fact that it has the highest recycling rate of any engineered metal. Three-quarters of copper in architectural applications is recycled, matching the rate at which it's extracted. Specifying recycled copper can reduce expense and save on the energy required to mine the material.
Copper is highly resistant to corrosion, which makes it ideal for exterior applications, but it does corrode when it comes in contact with cedar. Therefore installations like the one pictured here require a separation between the wood and the copper.
Similarly, but to a greater degree, copper corrodes other metals, such as steel, lead, aluminum, zinc and cast iron. Therefore mechanical fasteners, when needed, should be plated with copper so as not to be corroded.
Similarly, but to a greater degree, copper corrodes other metals, such as steel, lead, aluminum, zinc and cast iron. Therefore mechanical fasteners, when needed, should be plated with copper so as not to be corroded.
As I mentioned, the green patina that forms on the surface of copper takes about 10 years to develop when left to nature. Acids and finishes can expedite the process, but an artificial patina is not an exact match to a natural one, which gives the material a subtly different appearance over time.
This house in West Virginia is similar to the previous examples, but Price turned the panels vertically, to parallel the surrounding trees.
This house in West Virginia is similar to the previous examples, but Price turned the panels vertically, to parallel the surrounding trees.
A close-up of the facade reveals the green streaks on the copper panels, but we can also see the vertical standing seams and the way the panels overlap.
Given how copper can corrode other metals, and the fact it can be folded, soldered and welded easily, most applications have a welded rather than mechanical assembly, which also helps deals with the material's great degree of expansion.
Given how copper can corrode other metals, and the fact it can be folded, soldered and welded easily, most applications have a welded rather than mechanical assembly, which also helps deals with the material's great degree of expansion.
Copper's patina can stain adjacent materials, such as stone, stucco, concrete and other light surfaces. Staining would have been a concern in this addition by Price, considering the light-colored stucco of the existing structure, but the dark shingles immediately adjacent to the copper take care of it.
This residence, designed by Wnuk Spurlock Architecture, has two volumes of prepatinated copper positioned astride a middle section of Cor-Ten steel, a material that gains its own sort of distinct patina.
This glance of the panels reveals the variation that can be found; what looks consistent from far away is anything but up close.
For the sake of comparison, it's good to see copper siding that has not gained its patina. This project, by CCS Architecture, has three stacked volumes, similar in size and shape but each covered in different materials. Over time the middle portion will take on a patina that will increase the house's integration into the site.
The aptly named Copper House in Sydney by Takt | Studio for Architecture exhibits the mix of colors that occurs as the material oxidizes.
Copper's patina is produced by sulfur compounds in the atmosphere, accelerated in industrial and marine environments, as well as areas with high temperatures or humidity.
This last example, by Coates Design Architects Seattle, illustrates how oxidized copper can be a design statement, bringing attention to one area, in this case the entrance. Even though the copper section is much smaller than the wood and concrete, its color grabs the most attention.
Related Stories
Holidays
10 Easy Ways to Give Your Entryway and Front Yard a Holiday Boost
Make your entry inviting this season with decorations, lighting, furniture and more
Full Story
Porches
15 Welcoming Small Porches That Bring Big Style
These versatile outdoor rooms ease the indoor-outdoor transition and encourage entertaining and relaxing
Full Story
Holidays
10 Ways to Decorate With Outdoor Christmas Lights
Use these techniques to light up your house and garden for the holiday season
Full Story
Landscape Design
How to Enhance Your Home’s Parking Strip
This often-overlooked outdoor area can be a beautiful and hardworking garden — and can boost your home’s curb appeal
Full Story
Porches
10 Front Porches That Welcome Fall Weather
By Becky Harris
Gourds, chrysanthemums and autumnal color palettes give these porches seasonal curb appeal
Full Story
Porches
Before and After: 3 Upgraded Porches That Invite Outdoor Lounging
See how pros added space, style and comfort to take these porches to the next level of fun and functionality
Full Story
Front Yard Ideas
Inspiring Alternatives to the Traditional Lawn
By Curtis Adams
Consider the many attractive and ecologically friendly alternatives to turfgrass
Full Story
Porches
10 Welcoming Front Porches Ready for Warm Weather
By Becky Harris
Designers have created inviting architecture with spaces fit for enjoying wildlife, nature and people walking by
Full Story
Porches
10 Ways to Refresh Your Porch for Spring
Learn how you can free your porch from the winter doldrums
Full Story
Landscape Design
How to Incorporate Your Roofing Into the Landscape
By Jay Sifford
Choose hardscape and plantings that work with your roof’s color, texture, shape and line
Full Story
As to torhaven's comment above, copper will not necessarily turn green ( I doubt there's much bronze in your roof), even in a marine environment, after nineteen years. It has more to do with air quality. An area like D.C. has aspects of acid rain and other areas where smog is heavy, like L.A. and the Bay Area can have impacts on copper patinizing. So the cleaner the air, the less likely it will turn green. You can turn your copper green if you want ( All of the pictures above feature treated panels) by having someone apply an acid wash. Most of the older patina on old buildings can be replicated as well for that lighter more opaque turquoise color.
And to toritrad: What you say is true about copper being very harmful to aquatic life although it is interesting to note that many homes (maybe even yours) have copper plumbing and many of us have been tested and shown that there is not much harmful from the plumbing. Very interesting.